Studies On Dai Jitao's Examination And Quanxu Thoughts

Dai Jitao was a well-known politician and thinker in the epublic of China.In 1928-1948, he served as the President of the Examination Yuan KMT.Through the 20 years of efforts, he made a significant contribution to the examination of the KMT examination and quanxu system.Examination and quanxu are examination and administration of civil servant.Examination is the way to select talent by the exam.Administration of civil servant is in accordance with the qualifications or merit, as the award official approval, promotion, performance appraisal, security, incentive, retirement, pension, etc.Dai Jiao's examination and quanxu thoughts in fact were a mixture of Chinese and Western cultures.Dai Jitao spoke highly of traditional Chinese culture and ancient institutions, So more traditional culture factor had integrated into his examination and quanxu thoughts. Dai Jitao carries on the revolutionary work for a long time in the Sun Yat-Sen side ,not only influenced by Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary ideology, but also accumulated a number of relevant legal, education and examination experience, which had laid a good foundation for his chair for the future work of the Examination Yuan. In addition, the examination system of the capitalist countries was an important source of Dai Jitao's examination and quanxu thoughts. He not only set up the specialized agencies to to study various countries' the examination system, but also send for to go abroad many times for the inspection study.And he had profited from their experience in the practical work.Dai Jitao's examination thoughts were the successor and development of Sun Yat-sen examination thoughts. He inherited Sun Yat-sen's elementary theory,such as"the civil-service examination independently,selecting the official through the test","selecting the official who has the talent,selecting the official for the people".He drafted "Republic of China National Constitutive law" with others.That had established the principle, which was"the five-power constitution, the civil-service examination were independent". In addition,he had made the massive laws and regulations, which caused to the testing official to have legal support.He increased the qualifying examination, relaxed the person qualifications, pay attention to the public service candidate test, which expand the official selects channel, had insisted the principle of"selecting the official who has the talent,selecting the official for the people". On the other hand, Dai Jitao had developed Sun Yat-Sen's examination theory,such as valuing practical, education, need and the combination of education and examination. So he created the special examination system, was well treated in remote areas, attached importance to specialized vocational and technical examination, advocated school reform to ensure the examination subjects of school education and government examination subjects uniform, contact the school examination with the government examination. In addition, Dai Jitao think of ways to plug the loopholes in the examination of fraud, such as the creation of the Dianshi system ,the monitor system,Weishi system , implementation of the strict examination procedures and strict penalties. These created his strict anti-fraud idea.Dai Jitao's quanxu thoughts were more complex than his examination thoughts. Dai Jitao came to power, determined to straighten, unified management of the civil servants. He improved the method of distinctive examination and registration to the civil servants actually, formulated laws and regulations about appointing of civil servants, attached importance to pass the test personnel review the distribution, set up to officials distinction between system, unified organs personnel initially. Dai Jitao attaches great importance to the work performance of civil servants,through various means inferior correctional award gifted. Study Awards, Military Awards, Awards to the frontier politicians were the main features of his thinking on the Civil Service Award. "Wide legislation, the law strictly," "Transfer system", "Honesty paid" the propositions constitute his anti-corruption thoughts. In order to cause the official relieved for the Kuomintang political power potency, Dai Jitao protect the rights of civil servants form the position, the salary, the retirement and safeguard, the insurance, education training and so on, which had formed the quite complete safeguard thoughts.Dai Jitao's examination and quanxu thoughts were in the background of Chinese society big reforming and under the political situation momentous change. Under complex situation, his examination and quanxu thoughts had four characteristics, which were four conflict: feudalistic and modernized,rule by people and government by law , democracy and party rule , ideal and reality .Although Dai Jitao's examination and quanxu thoughts had many defects and shortcomings, but it adapt to the pace of social progress as a whole , had the historical status could not be denied ,and provide a certain amount of historical revelation to establish a sound civil service system of the contemporary. These Enlightenment are strengthen legislation, pay attention to the legal system; serious exam discipline, put an end to corruption;pay attention to the construction of border areas, the civil service;take the combination of ancient and modern,Chinese and Western principles;create a civil service system to adapt to the environment.