A Study On The Provincial Examination Of Hunan Province In Qing Dynasty

Provincial examination is the most competitive and the large-scale level in Imperial Examination System. The Provincial examination of Hunan can be traced back to the primary era of Yongzheng after"Lianghu fenwei", which is usually considered as a landmark in the history of Hunan Imperial Examination. So the investigation of the Provincial examination of Hunan before and after"Lianghu fenwei"is very important in enriching Hunan educational history.Because of inconvenient transportation and laggard education and culture, Hunan didn't have an independent examination hall for a long time, and the students of Hunan had to take Provincial examinations in Hubei. Under the persistent efforts of modern functionary of Hunan, Hunan and Hubei started to"fenwei"in the primary era of Yongzheng. The continuous increase of the Juren quota is sumed up after"Lianghu fenwei", which has great influences to the talent group. The hall of provincial examination was called Gongyuan. Pass by constructions and alterations, the quantity of Hunan examination hall increased to more than ten thousands rooms by the end of the Imperial Examination System. Provincial examination was presided by the chief and assistant examiners. After the grades and native places of the chief and assistant examiners are listed and analysed, the secund importance has discovered to attach to the culture developed areas, where also centralized most of the examiners. The examination questions were the uppermost content of Provincial examination, and the types and sources of Hunan Provincial examination have been concluded based on the analyses of the sources and types of the examination questions. It is discovered that the questions are multiplicity and mainly originated from the Analects, Mencius, and the Doctrine of the Mean. The regional distribution of Juren is indispensable in the provincial and local studies on Provincial examination. The characteristics of the regional distribution of Juren in Hunan during Qing dynasty have been discussed on different dimensionality, such as Jieyuan, Juren and Jinshi, based on the analysis of the regional distribution of Provincial Examination. And further more, the regional distribution of Juren in Hunan during Ming dynasty has also been involved, and the comparisons has been made, among which, the comparability displayed mainly in two aspects: the first aspect is that the distribution of Juren is unbalance, and the other is that the measures of absolute fit of Juren and Jinshi is comparative identically. The otherness action on mainly the change of places where centralized most of the Juren. In addition, the promotion effect of the Provincial examination to the education of Hunan has been discovered, after the systematic study of Provincial examination of Hunan in Qing Dynasty.