The Issue Of Smuggling And Anti-smuggling In Qingdao From 1923 To 1937

Smuggling is one of the most important ways of Japanese invasion to China in modern times.Qingdao,as a severely-victimized area in the War initiated by Japan,is simultaneously the center of Japanese Smuggling in China.A detailed research into Qingdao's Smuggling at that time will enrich the study of the history of the Japanese aggression in Qingdao and in Shandong Province as well.In the view of Marxist historical theory,the thesis makes a detailed research into the smuggling and its influence in Qingdao on the base of geography,statistics, sociology and economics.In order to make this essay valuable and innovatory,the author analyses reasons of the smuggling as well as the experience of the anti-smuggling.Although Japan returned the sovereignty of Qingdao to China,from 1922 to 1937 Japan was still in control of Qingdao's economic lifeline and even threatened to come back.In order to occupy Qingdao again, Japan encouraged and protected the Japanese who smuggled in Qingdao. Under the protection of the police and the consul general of Japan in Qingdao,these smugglers took the consul jurisdiction as the amulet to transport,which spoiled gravely the society of Qingdao and caused enormous losses in the lives and properties.To suppress the increasing rampant and unrestrained smuggling,as well as to protect the normal trade order,the central and local governments at the time took various measures to reinforce and improve the suppressing system.This action succeeded to some degree.The first Part of this thesis covers an introduction to the reason of the smuggling in Qingdao.The city's location advantage and its ineffective custom are only two superficial reasons.The underlying cause of smuggling is to prepare for the full invasion to China.The second Part of this thesis turns to an introduction to the smuggling goods,its routes and methods.The third Part probes into several of influences on Qingdao as the result of such activities.Finally,the paper sums up the experiences and lessons from national government's suppressing efforts.