Percy Spender And The Formation Of ANZUS

Australian diplomacy moved into a new age after Percy Spender took Australian Minister for External Affairs.He aimed to create and orientated with a defensive military arrangement—Pacific Pact ,at least having its firm agreement between America and Australia.The alliance of Australia and America served the maintenance of Australian security and advantages,creation of a new diplomacy gesture, entitlement of a voice in determing global strategy to Australia .He devoted indefatigably to these motives.Spender's original envisage to Pacific Pact was modelling it upon North Atlantic Treaty.However,he recongnised that no commitments in Pacific matching NATO,British's unenthusathtic and seldom support in Austraian to a Pacific Pact, America's avoidance to the subject.Only when the United Forces lost seriously in Korean War,the idea of Pacific Pact was paid some attenton in Washington,and to be treated as an exchange to the acceptance of Australia to the America's'soft'peace treaty with Japan.During the Canberra talks in February 1951, Spender and John ForsterDulles wrangled over a Pacific Pact and Japan peace treaty furiously,Spender managed to persuade Dulles to accept America's formal protection to Australia as hypothesis of Australia's agreement to the soft peace with Japan.The draft of the Anzus treaty emerged from the Canberra talks paved the way for the ANZUS.After the Canberra talks,the Anzus treaty met opposition both in British and America government in its earlier time,but Spender showed his wittiness and tactful diplomacy skill, won the America's acception of the Triangle Treaty. Due to the special critcisms to the treaty articles from the US Joint Chief of Staff, Spender and Dulles edited to modify the articles, the shaped Anzus treaty wass ratified in the three government and later signed in San Francisco on 4 September 1951.The Anzus treaty was just a vague explanation to Australia–America alliance, Spender considered it necessary to set up a machinery to implement the treaty, giving Australia a direct voice in America's strategy actions and the global affairs referring to Australian interests. The devise to the machinery in the first ANZUS Council,in which America played predominant role,made Spender's last aim destruct.Without doubt,the birth of ANZUS was mainly Spender's achievement ,it opened a new period in Australian external relations history, established a basic dilemma of Australian foreign policy to string along with the American,exerted profound influence upon Australian diplomacy.