Research On Civil Right Thoughts At The End Of Qing Dynasty

Civil Right Thoughts at the end of Qing Dynasty were the historical product of a special age. The severe defeats of Qing government in the war more thoroughly revealed the corruption and incompetence of its rule. Driven by the national crisis and influenced by the western democratic ideology, Chinese government of Qing Dynasty began the movement of promoting democratic thought characterized by the demand of replacing dictatorship system by constitutionalism. Civil Right Thoughts, as a kind a political theory and ideological trend in our society, adopted the pressing need of saving the nation from subjugation and ensuring its survival in the modern times. Based on a daring critique against and surpassing the Chinese traditional thought of people basis, the reformers of late Qing Dynasty drew experience from the western ideology of men's natural right. The political conceptions of liberty, democracy, and equality were widely spread through promotion and education, which aroused the citizens'consciousness of participating in the management of state affairs and deepened the influences of the promotion of social justice and equal rights on the minds of national people, and strongly motivated Chinese people to further their exploration into the true significance of democratic system and civil right thoughts, thereby opening up a broad avenue for a further spread of civil right ideology. The spread of civil right thoughts laid a firm foundation for the modernization of the old China, and provided a theoretical system and public support for the construction of the theory of constitutional government, the spread of the democratic and republic thoughts and even the outbreaks of democratic revolution in modern China. Civil right thoughts at the end of Qing Dynasty were great crystallization of China's learning from the west and carrying out political reform for self-improvement.This thesis has been accomplished strictly based on historical data. By using the research methods such as historical analysis and comparative analysis, the author has probed into the initial promotion of civil right thoughts at the end of Qing Dynasty and their main content, their realization approaches as well as their historical significance so as to have a better understanding of these thoughts.In the first part of the thesis, the author demonstrates the meanings of civil rights and liberty by focusing the development course of civil right thoughts, which lays a foundation for a historical analysis and explication in the following parts.The second part of the thesis mainly introduce the content of the Civil Right Thoughts at the end of Qing Dynasty. By introducing and analysising the view of the thinker, such as He Qi,Hu Liyuan, Kang Youwei,Liang Qichao,Yan Fu, and e.t.c. Mainly from the rights of equality and freedom deeply analysing the contents of the Civil Rights.The third part mainly introduces the way to realize the Civil Rights. In oeder to save the nation from peril, the advanced Chinese people try their best to design many ways to realize the Civil Rights. This part introduces the achievement of the Civil Rights, Tthe first is to encourage the wisdom of the Chinese to develop the Civil Rights, this part introduces the view of arouse the wisdom of the people of Kang Youwe,Liang Qichao and Yan Fu。The second is to introduce in what polity do the thinkers hold to guarantee the Civil Rights. The third part introduces to guarantthe the Civil Rights bye the construction of the parliament,The end of the thesis concludes the importance of civil Right Thoughts at the end of Qing Dynasty.The thoughts were the historical product of a special age,and adapted to the morden needs of China's national salvation. At the same time the thoughts also had a huge role in promoting the spread of the democratic republicanism and the eruption of the morden democratic revolution.