Study On The Mode Choice Of China's Urban Housing Service For Aged In The View Of Policy Subject

At present, the speed of global population aging is accelerating. This trend has been particularly evident in our country, not only the speed of aging of the population has entered a rapid development stage, the number of the elderly population also shows rapid growth momentum. In addition, the aging features of "getting old before getting rich" make our country deal with difficult pension issue than other countries. Because of their own problems and limitations the family support and organization support can no longer meet the wide range needs of elderly. Therefore, choosing an appropriate pattern of aged support has become an urgent problem to solve.In this condition, China's scholars draw on the experience of developed countries'aged support, propose the housing supporting for aged which is a new pattern of aged support .It finds a good balance point between the family and the community, which is in line with the trend of social development, and has been widespreadly concerned by the community .But there are still many problems and shortcomings in the housing supporting which is a new pattern of aged support. Although it takes a useful attempt in various regions, it doesn't form a clear system model. At the same time, the role of policy subject is ambiguity in the process of formulation, implementation and evaluation of the housing supporting policy. It's a serious impediment to China's old-age home services policy development.In the field of research, for the housing supporting services research has focused on an overview or for a certain kind of model. But the analysis on an overall grasp of policy is rare. It is necessary to strengthen the design of system and the building of theory of the housing support for aged. The paper argues that the root cause of inefficient operation of the urban housing support service for aged is ambiguity of policy subject. Therefore it tries to cut into the policy subject perspective, comprehensive survey of the housing support service for aged, analysis of the role and limitations of the policy subject in the run of the housing support service for aged, so as to provide a basis for the choice of service mode.This paper examines the four kinds of China's urban housing support service practice, including: government-led and communities, government purchase housing support services, housing support service voucher and "property pension". Government-led and communities follow the leading of the government, establish housing support service stations or points, supply the services by communities. Government purchase housing support service is based on the proposal of government purchase service. Its operation mechanism is that the government announced the budget of public services, the purchase prices of services, service volume and the quality indicators for the community open tender. Successful non-profit sector or social service organizations, use of the funds of government purchase services, completing the service in accordance with the requirements of the government. It's that the government purchases services from the non-profit sector or social service organizations. Housing support service voucher is to provide direct subsidies to the service object in the form of voucher funds, in order to guarantee resources and services against loss. "Property pension" integrates property management and pension services, in the Government's support and guidance, relying on the property's natural advantages, providing services to the elderly. Through the examination of the four kinds practice, this paper further analysis of the role and limitations of the policy subject in the run of the housing support service for aged. Governments, communities, non-profit organizations and enterprises are the most important policy subject of the housing support service. Government is the foremost part of social policy, bearing the principal responsibility, playing the most important role. Its intervention in the field of benefits is comprehensive, the foundation of social policy. Government act as policy makers and resource providers in the four practice patterns of housing services for aged. On the one hand, community provides the necessary services to residents. On the other hand it has been incorporated into the government's social policy, playing an important role at the grassroots level. In China, the community has played a major role of service provider, no matter what form of participation in housing services for aged. Non-profit organization act as an intermediary organization in government purchase housing support service. Non-profit organization receives government funding, relying on the community for housing service. It effectively links up the government and community through the non-profit organizations, thus improving the efficiency of the policy. And it's as volunteers in the other modes. Enterprises provide funding for the project support, or cooperate with the community, so as to make up for the deficiencies of government's public welfare. The policy subjects play an important role, but they have limitations of locating the roles, mainly reflected in: the absence of the role of government-led results that the attention of its policy planning, policy support efforts, funding and monitoring mechanisms are not paid enough. The function of community is not in place, mainly in the backward of community-based implementation, low enthusiasm of staff, poor quality of service and so on. Non-profit organization's development is slow, and its resource distribution is inequality. In the interests of the trend, enterprises'enthusiasm to participate in policy is not high, services, the accessibility of content and target is also poor.In summary, this paper surveying the limitations and shortcomings of social organizations, and unbalanced regional development of economic structure, argues that the current government should establish a government-led and diversified mode of housing support service for aged, and build a basic framework of government-led, community-core, non-profit organizations intermediary and enterprises supplement. Government, community, non-profit organizations and enterprises mutually integrate and complement, playing an important role on housing services for aged. At the same time, it should improve the various supportive measures of housing support services, play the benefits of person, market, families on the supply of services, build the foundation for establishing a scientific and rational mode of housing support service for aged.