On Weber's And Schmitt's Critiques Of Technical Politics

Technical politics, adopting politics as a kind of technique, represents the extreme aspect of modernity's multi-dimension. On the one hand, under the influence of neutralization, intellectualizing and technicization, the politics is forced to go to the other side of Realpolitik and becomes mediocrity, which leads to the unprosperous of political community. On the other hand, as a result of the first problem, Romanticists have a nonstop conversation instead of virtue decision after politics degenerates to an empty formalism. The decision of the reality badly contrasts with the technical politics, which make it impossible for political community to achieve self-preservation.Weber and Schmitt sensitively detected and explored the technical-politics trends, the inherent defects of logic, as well as the unprecedented political state caused by them. And they have greatly expanded the scale of technical -politics issues. In this process, the major concern, as well as the solutions of problems was similar. and also many ways of tackling problems are coupled. Accordingly, on the analysis of Weber and Schmitt's theory, this paper tries to explore what the ideologist focus on, in the hope that the study can obtain a view on the historicity and original intentionality of technical-politics. The main body falls into four parts:The first part focuses on Weber's concern and raises the issue. Weber, as a social scientist, summarized the basic character of the ages as full rationalization, and politics also was translated into a technical-politics. Standing on the value of a neutral position, Weber understands and admits the vulgar German bureaucracy dominated by the technical-politics, but being a Germany, Weber has a sense of loss facing with the reality. He was eager to see a real politician stand up and swept away long-standing malpractice bureaucratic politics and refresh Germany to a powerful country. Politicians need suitable systems and environment, thus, Weber pin his hope on the parliamentarism and president elections.In the second part, the paper first describes Weber's change of the view on a country's political task. Before the war in Europe, Weber concerned how to win a place for Germany in a world dominated by technical- politics rather than the destruction of technical-politics. In his view, a western country that can derive benefits and avoid the scourge of technical-politics is a model of Germany. However, when the cruel essence was exposed to Weber after the European war, he turned to require Germany should seek another unique political culture to fight against other modern countries. But Weber was at the end of his life and his thought can not go any further.Schmitt takes over Weber's consciousness of the problem, and he has quite a unique insight. Correspond with Weber's judgments on the rationalization of modern society, technology-oriented. Schmitt first reiterated the four hundred years to neutralize the field of historical transformation. Schmitt pointed out that the neutralization caused by the technical and technological has now spread to all areas, including the State. He then keenly aware of the neutrality of the state have obliterated the distinction between political and non-political in nature, and caused the flooding of the undesirable phenomena of anti-determination of the romantic in Germany. Above cases not only fuzzy cognitive that the politics first is a kind of struggle for existence, but also hindered the establishment of decision as a first category of politics. Schmitt's key task is to clarify many concepts of the political arena, and all that must be elucidated around decision.The third part is unfolding of the Schmitt's thinking of decision. The so-called decision of Schmitt can be divided into three dimensions:law of the decision, the political entity of the determination and sovereignty of those decisions, in connection with the subject matter of this paper is the latter two. Political entity gets unified and public political identity of its own through the decision of the distinguish between friends and enemies. The qualification of this decision is Jus belli. It both defines a political entity and its order, and must be possessed by the political entity own. A political entity constructs their own behavior shown by the decision of the sovereign about the emergency state which is outside the law. This behavior not only proved sovereignty is the highest authority of the legitimate both in fact and in law, but also revealed the real relationship between the political state and the legal norms, namely, the decision establishes the law, rather than the opposite. Thus, the concept of decision must be understood in the specific situation of survival. In turn, such a conclusion can be drawn, who prevented the two decision-making, who is to abolish the political categories' right to survival, such as the political entity, the sovereign and the nation-state, who is the enemy must be eliminated.The fourth part of the paper is to elaborate Schmitt's criticism of parliamentary system and the theory of rule of law in the country which are anti-decision, on the side of decision. Parliamentary has been eroded by technical politics, and now caught in a situation where deliberately delayed the decision-making and false decision-making, and therefore, it no longer has qualify for acting as the representative of all the people. If people continue to sit back that the parliamentary struggle fragmented the texture of political community, sit back that the parliamentary deliberated without decision, it will eventually lead to the political community has been eradicated, for the loss of political capacity of determination between friends and enemies at the crucial moment. Formalism, the State theory of the rule of law, also requires political demise and replacing it with technology. The State theory of the rule of law believes that law can logically be completely engulfed the nation. All acts of the nation must be appeared as legal acts, which is equal to deny the possibility of the existence of emergency state. There, Rechtsstaat necessarily naively asking for the abolition of national life in all the elements of personality, abolition of the sovereignty of those decisions and its own existence. This biased theory has brought the devastating impact to political practice, it will lead Weimar political system to the myth of a neutral judicial State------this is the Weimar Republic's non-return path.