Research On Visual Search Strategy Of Soccer Athletes

The soccer is an offensive and defensive sport with fast conversion speed,It is important for soccer athletes to predict accurately. Predictive ability of athletes was better than that of non-athletes in soccer match. The difference is probably that, in the visual search process, athletes watch while non-athletes do not look at a key clue. A soccer match includes closed movement and opened movement. The penalty kick is a closed movement which is finished by athletes in small room, therefore, the operating environment is relatively stable, and information processing was relatively easy with little information to process; 3 versus 2, a typical form of local offensive and defensive conversion in the course of the match, is an opened movement, It's completed by the offense and defense organization composed of 3 offensive athletes and 2 defensive athletes, Its operating environment is unstable and information processing is relatively difficult with a large amount of information to process. The speed of video show also exerted an impact on the speed of information processing. In the case of large amount of information, when the speed of video is fast, in the short period of time the information processing capacity of central system will be exceeded; when the speed of video is slow, the information processing capacity of the central system is smaller, and the processing speed is faster. The research found that different time block points had a great impact in subjects'predictive ability, the more forward the points were, the less the eigenvalues were extracted, the more difficultly to predict accurately; on the contrary, as time points shift backward, the eigenvalues that could be extracted increased, and it was easier to make accurate prediction.MethodsThe study used an expert-novice paradigm, subjects consisted of 27 soccer athletes and 25 non-athletes. The stimulus material included video clips of closed movement (penalty kicks) and opened movement (3 versus 2), both the normal and slow video speeds were tested, in accordance with previous research results, each of the video was divided into five time block points. The subjects made the judgments by oral language quickly. Nonparametric test was adopted to analyze the predictive response rate and predictive accuracy; Eye Tracker was used to collect data, and association rule mining was used to explore their visual search patterns.Results1,In penalty kicks scenes, there was no difference between predictive response rate of two groups; in 3 versus 2 scenes, the predictive response rate of the athletes group was higher than that of non-athletes group.2,In both scenes, the predictive accuracy of the athletes group was higher than that of non-athletes group; in 3 versus 2 scenes, different speeds had different impact on the athletes'predictive accuracy.3,When watching a penalty kicks video, athletes group adopted this visual search pattern:analyzing the ball and effective information area around the ball first, then extracting eigenvalues of the ball's direction; when watching 3 versus 2 video, athletes group adopted this visual search pattern:first watching the middle athlete with ball, then extracting eigenvalues through the effective information area, and finally watching the middle athlete with ball again; non-athletes group has no fixed visual search pattern.Conclusions1,By the changes of predictive response rate in different scenes, we found that the difficulty or ease of information extraction exerted different impact on the information extraction of athletes from different levels.2,By the changes of predictive accuracy, we found that there was different effective information extraction for athletes from different levels.3,By the relation between predictive accuracy and show speed in different scenes, we found that, in the opened movement, the insufficient information processing capacity of the central system led to the decline of athletes'predictive ability.4,By association rule mining, we found that athletes extracted eigenvalues through model search, different scenes had different visual search patterns, and the same scene had similar visual search patterns.5,By watching repeatedly and analyzing different competition scenes, athletes could improve their visual search capability, and then enhance their predictive ability, this result has certain guide significance for training.