The Predictive Character Of The Soccer Goalkeeper In The Defensive Penalty Situation - Evidence From Eye Movements And ERP

Defensive penalty is a high strategic situation where the ball travels fast and the fli ght time is short.When it comes to defensive penalties,the goalkeeper is required to acc urately analyze and judge the opponent's intention which pave the way for the implemen tation of their own technology and tactics.The athlete's judgment of tactical intentions b egins with a visual information search.And so far,most of the research scholars have st ayed in the analysis of athletes in the visual scene of the visual search mode and eye mo vement external features,however,internal processing and hence related neural mechan isms have hardly been researched scientifically.Therefore,our research group,made of 10 expert team goalkeepers and 10 footbal l professional goalkeepers,adopts novice-expert research paradigm using soccer player s penalty penalty action video as experimental material,eye movement equipment an d ERP linkage experiment to study on the characteristics of the goalkeeper's eye move ment.At the same time,we keep exploring the cognitive processing process and cognitiv e Mechanismand analysis it with the external visual search process for more comprehen sive understanding of the cognitive processing advantages of excellent athletes in pre-as sessment process.The results of the experiments are as follows:(1)The average response time of th e expert group goalkeepers is longer than that of the novice group goalkeepers,yet the r esponse rate is higher than that of the novice group goalkeeper.(2)The number of expe rt group goalkeeper's focus is larger than the novice group goalkeeper while experts' w atching fixation duration is shorter than that of the novice group,and the total gaze dura tion is longer than that of the novice group.(3)The N1 latency of the panel of experts in the CP2 and Cz points is shorter than that of the novice group,and the difference is si gnificant.(3)The expert group goalkeeper is mainly concerned with the area of interest.The amplitude of N1 in Fz,FC1,Cz,FC2 at the obvious difference,and the group o f volts greater than the novice group.(4)The P2 amplitude of the two groups was signifi cantly different at Fz,FC1,Cz and FC2.(5)The panel had greater amplitude than the nov ice group at Fz,FC1,CP1 and FC2,and the difference was significant.(6)In the Pz,O z and Cz groups,the amplitude of Pb was higher than that of the novice group,and th e difference was significant.The study draws the following conclusions:(1)Expert of goalkeepers have advantages on determining the correct direction of t he ball.(2)Comparing to novice group goalkeepers,there are certain advantages of expert t eam goalkeepers in visual search mode.Expert group goalkeeper's search mode include s: more main point of view,larger total gaze time,shorter watching duration,informatio n coming mainly from supporting foot and kicking foot,simpler watching trajectory,fo cus on the effective part of the sequence of observation to extract valid information.(3)Expert group goalkeepers' visual search and cognitive processing have experien ce of previous special knowledge which can be a guide for them.(4)In visual search period,the expert group goalkeepers put less psychological res ources to match the early information with the memory of cognition.(5)Expert group goalkeeper's Perception analysis is based on the analysis of valid information,while the novice group goalkeeper is based on the purposeles s search and guess the information processing.(6)Based on the previous special experience,there are some expectation of exper t group goalkeepers on the emergence of the movement.They,when other free thrower s kicked the penalty,may always be ready to respond.