Research On The Structure And Characteristics Of Principals' Responsibility Pressure For Primary And Middle School

Based on previous studies, this study tried to explore the structure and characteristics of responsibility pressure for primary and middle school principals by interviews and questionnaires, establish an effective measuring tool, and propose suggestions improving principals' responsibility pressure, with the intention to provide a basis for further empirical research, lead the concern of social on principals' responsibility pressure, thus help principals to improve the situation.In this study,406 head teachers from Shenyang, Dalian, Benxi, the North's were investigated, and the conclusions as follows:1. Head teachers' responsibility pressure is composed of four factors, which are school and teachers' development pressure, students' development pressure, school facilities pressure and campus safety pressure.2. The degrees of head teachers' responsibility pressure are different, and the general stress level is average.3. The average of head teachers' each responsibility pressure is ordered:campus safety pressure, students'development pressure, school facilities pressure, and school and teachers' development pressure.4. On the whole, there are no significant differences between genders on head teachers'responsibility pressure, but in campus safety pressure the male principals'stress is significantly greater than female principals.5. There are significant differences in total score and each factors except school and teachers' development pressure. On the whole, older principals' responsibility pressure is relatively great, and the peak of age is 40-49 years, which is at middle age.6. There are significant differences between duties in school facilities pressure, campus safety pressure and total score. On the whole, the principals' responsibility pressure has a climbing trend with duty's rising.7. There are no significant differences in mastertimes on head teachers' responsibility pressure in total, but in students' development pressure, the scores drop with the increased working time, and the stress of principals under-five years is significantly greater than the principal over 10 years. 8. There are significant differences between different types of schools in total score and each factor except school and teachers'development pressure. In total, high school principals' stress is significantly smaller than elementary, middle and nine-year system of school.9. Overall there are no significant differences between urban and rural head teachers' responsibility pressure, but in school facilities pressure and campus safety pressure, rural principals'stress is significantly greater than urban principals.10. Responsibility pressure of head teachers has significant differences between levels of school in each factor and total score; non-key school principals'stress is significantly greater than the one of key school principals.