The Characteristics Of Primary School Children's Numerical Estimation Under Different Anchoring Manners

On the basis of the literature review of previous studies about numerical estimation and anchoring effect , this study mainly researched the characteristics of primary school children's numerical estimation under traditional anchoring manner and basic basic anchoring manner,proved the relationship among different anchor values, different disruptor stimulus, different present situations and numerical estimation for primary school children,compared the development characteristics of numerical estimation among different grades of primary school students .Using the literature method, interview method, experimental method and other methods comprehensively, this dissertation selected 90 primary school children in grade two, grade four and grade six. The tool of this dissertation is the self-made pictures including points pictures and in-kind pictures. The study included two experiments. In experimentⅠ, we employed a within subjects design, i.e.2 (anchor value style: high anchor value, low anchor value)×3(disruptor style:no disruptor, the number of disruptor stimulus are the same number of target stimulus, the number of disruptor stimulus are 2 times the number of target stimulus )×2(present situation style:points pictures, in-kind pictures)to investigate the characteristics of primary school children's numerical estimation under traditional anchoring manner. In experimentⅡwe use the same design as experimentⅠto investigate the characteristics of primary school children's numerical estimation under basic anchoring manner.The main conclusions of this study are the following.(1)There is a anchoring effect in the number of students present in numerical estimation for primary school children,there has a conspicuous differences between different anchor values, the high anchor value cause a high estimation number and the low anchor value cause a low estimation number.(2) There is a conspicuous differences among different disruptor stimulus, the more disruptor stimulus number, the longer of the reaction time , the lower of the accuracy.(3) There is a conspicuous differences between different present situation , the reaction time to estimate the number of in-kind pictures conspicuous shorter the points pictures, the accuracy of estimate in-kind pictures conspicuous higher estimate the points pictures. (4) There is a conspicuous differences among different grades, with the grade higher,the reaction time shorter, the accuracy higher.(5) There is a conspicuous differences between traditional anchoring manner and basic basic anchoring manner.