How to deal with the authoritative relations between the central government and the local well is an important problem that the system of educational administration and management must face to all the time in every country. As the reform in Elementary and Secondary education has been put in to practice overwhelmingly, there are a lot of problem from the system of elementary and secondary educational administration and management have arisen. Therefore, the rethinking of the system of educational administration and management has become the key to the elementary and secondary educational reform. In this thesis, the research object is the federal role in elementary and secondary education, the main research methods are by use of materials, analysis and comparison on purpose to improve the system of educational administration and management. There are five sections in the thesis. From the first section to the third section, it illustrates the evolution of the federal role in elementary and secondary education and reveals the developmental characteristics in each period from the era before independence to now according to the time order. The fourth section is the analysis of the federal role in elementary and secondary education. The last section attempts to offer some proposals for improving the system of educational administration and management in China.
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