| As organizational setups peculiar to China, Teaching and Research Sections are "institutions in local educational administrative departments which are specially in charge of the research of teaching and the vocational management of subject-teaching in primary and secondary schools" ^' in our country. Roughly speaking, it has two basic functions: the research of teaching and the vocational management of teaching. To be more detailed, it contains the following seven functions: Doing the research work about teaching; Giving advice to administration; Compiling supplementary teaching materials; Organizing teaching and research activities; Pushing forward the reform of teaching; Instructing and helping teachers to launch outside-class activities and launching teaching evaluation.First of all, this research analyses how Teaching and Research Sections, especially the county-level ones, work on our country's elementary education, both positive and negative. On the one hand, it deals with the great contributions they have been making in prompting the teachers' professional growth as well as in the wide improvement of the teaching quality in the area within their jurisdiction. They have been taking an important part in making the elementary education of our country make great achievements to become focus of world attention , gain obvious advantages and become the typical representative of Eastern Education in such disadvantageous conditions-"Offering educational opportunities to so many students in such a poor country". On the other hand, this passage also analyses their negative influence and reasons in prompting Quality Education- Owing to the confused orientation of their functions, Teaching and Research Sections don't have clear research direction so that they sometimes do no good to, or even do harm to the elementary education . So they should partly be responsible for the overflow of the ideas of "Education for Examinations" in the area of our country's elementary education. Then, the research inquires into the orientation towards the functions of the county (city, district)-level Teaching and Research Sections, comparing their natureand functions provided by the educational administrative departments in different periods, and analyzing some problems and puzzles in their practical work.After that, this research investigates what county (city, district)-level Teaching and Research Sections are doing now mainly by questionnaire survey (also by interviewing and individual study). Based on the related requirements of the former National Educational Committee, the National Educational Ministry and part of the provinces and cities, the papers are drawn up after interviews and observations. The questionnaire is made up of three parts, each with 15 multiple-choice questions, 45 ones in all. The investigative objects are chosen in the way of stratified random sampling. The investigation is divided into two courses: firstly, 24 counties, cities and districts are chosen from 15 regions and cities in Shandong Province (except Weihai, lining and Dezhou). Their directors or vice directors are investigated on their Teaching and Research Sections' working conditions. 69 professional researchers of teaching from these sections are also investigated on their views about teaching and research work and on what county (city, district)-level Teaching and Research Sections are doing now. Secondly, 380 front teachers in 17 primary and secondary schools within the jurisdiction of 7 county (district)-level Teaching and Research Sections in Jinan, Qingdao, Laiwu, Linyi were chosen to give their opinions about what their county's or district's Teaching and Research Sections and their members are like? Based on the above first-hand information, this research puts forward its viewpoints and attitudes on the construction of the Teaching and Research Sections and the division of the functions among the Teaching and Research Sections of different levels, and on the orientation of the roles of the researchers in county (city, district)-level...
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