Research On County Level Educational Administration Reform Of Sichuan Province In Modern China (1901-1949)

This paper takes Sichuan county level educational administrative reform as the researched object,and the time span ranges from the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,ie,from 1901 to 1949.It is divided into three periods: the period of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty,the period of the Sichuan defense system,and the period of the unified Sichuan government.This article takes the changes of educational administrative organizations,the development of institutional functions,the subsidiary administrative organizations /groups,and educational administrators as the subject.Sichuan educational reform at the county level was mainly affected by two major factors: education development and political system reform.Education administration improves and expands its functions because of the development of education.However,when the reform of the political system was encountered,the educational administration agencies faced being conciliated and the functions realization depends on the local administrative officials.After the political system was stable,in order to promote the development of education,the organization and its functions were expanded and developed.Under the influence of the development of educational undertakings and the reform of the political system,education administration has been gradually established and gradually standardized.In the period of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty,Sichuan put so much efforts in its education that academic affairs increased drastically.In 1902,it set up the Academic Affairs Office in the province and set up the Academic Affairs Bureau at the local level to manage local educational affairs.Subsequently,under the reunification of the Qing government,the Academic Affairs Bureau was renamed as a persuasion institute;.With the development of local educational affairs,the educational administration functions have been initially developed.In the early years of the Republic of China,until 1935,Sichuan was in a period of defensive zone,warlords were fighting,education development was slow as well as the education administration.In this period,the organization name of the Sichuan educational administration organization was first renamed the Education Institute bythe Persuasion Institute,and then reverted to the Persuasion Institute.Until 1925,the education administration was matched with the development of the new education,and the persuasion school was replaced by the Bureau of Education.With the suppression of the warlords in the defense zone,some functions of education administration cannot be realized.After the reunification of Sichuan,combined with the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,Sichuan became the center of political rule and the base for national rejuvenation.During this period,the education administration was greatly affected by the reform of the political system,the Education Bureau was consolidated,and due to the development of education,Sichuan has gradually resumed the Education Bureau,forming a situation in which the Education Bureau and the Education Section coexist.The educational administrative function was influenced by the unity of political administration during this period and lost its independence.However,under the institutionalized political system,it gradually became normative.