The False Analogical Relation And Experimental Research On Geography Teaching In High School

This passage systematically summarizes the basic comment of transfer theory and points out that the former theory emphasized more positive transfer than negative transfer. Negative transfer is a kind of negative influence which is caused by one kind of study to another kind. It usually refers to a sort of psychological state caused by a type of study, for example, regular psychological tendency causes negative influences to the efficiency and accuracy of another kind of study, or it may cause to increase the times and exercises of the study, so it may hinder the work going on smoothly and it may stop you from mastering the knowledge correctly. Negative transfer exists commonly. It not only brings downs the teaching efficiency, but also prevents the life and work from improving. Therefore, we can not ignore negative transfer while studying transfer theory. As for transfer theory itself, the study of negative transfer may perfect, enrich, improve transfer theory, and may get its function more effective.Many aspects, one of which is the false analogical relation among problems mentioned in this passage, cause negative transfer. The false analogical relation is the similar relation only in essence or appearance among the problems. If the similarity exists only in essence not in appearance, it is called no analogical relation in appearance. For example, artesian well and confined well both belong to confined water. They are similar with each other, though they are not similar in literal meaning. If the similarity exists only in appearance not in essence, it is called no analogical relation in essence. For example, atmospheric reflection and scattering to solar radiation are two different aspects in essence though they are similar in literal meaning. In other words, many problems are not similar in both essence and appearance. They are usually similar in one aspect. These kinds of problems may easily cause negative transfer to happen.We have cited numerous facts appearing in the false analogical relation in high school geography learning and teaching, and choose some materials to do research carried out by some senior middle school students of Grade One and Grade Three. Experimental materials were divided into three groups. They were Experimental Group, Control Group and common test materials. The chosen classeswere divided equally, depending on the marks and sex in the grade. The process of the experiment was: two classes of Grade Three learned the materials of Experimental Group and Control Group. These two classes would have a test after the same period of time. We chose three classes of Grade One to study materials. They were called Experimental Group One, Experimental Group Two and Control Group. Experimental Group One and Control Group learned the materials of Experimental Group and Control Group. When Group two were learning, we didn' t tell them that they were going to have a test, only explained to them the study method and introduced the difference of two kinds of knowledge points. They were going to be given a test after the same period of time. The experiment proved that Experimental Group made more mistakes than Control Group in both Grade One and Grade Three. This is mainly because that Control Group only learned one knowledge point. And this point was interfered obviously, while Experimental Group had learned two knowledge points existing false analogical relation. Restraint had happened between knowledge points and disturbed the clarity of the knowledge, so mistakes appeared more. Group two made much less mistakes than Control Group and Experimental Group One. That is because the teachers had already explained the points for attention to them and introduced the study method, so they formed a clear cognitive structure and a better understanding of knowledge. The Grade Three students in both Experimental Group and Control Group made fewer mistakes than Grade One students. That is mainly because cognitive structure of Grade Three students is more useful to their study. They have more quantitie...