Research On The Picture System Of Geography Textbooks Of Middle School

Geography textbooks are the important media with which teachers use to teach, and from which students can absorb knowledge, improve ability, and cultivate emotions, manners and value. The surface layer system of Geography textbooks consists of text system, picture system and practice system. The thesis focuses on the picture system of middle school geography textbooks (PSMSTG). Based on new conceptions of curriculum innovation, modern teaching material theories and relevant scientific theories, by analyzing functions of the picture system, comparing different editions of Geography textbooks in some nations such as China, America, Britain, and Japan, combining some practice experiences, the optimization of PSMSTG is discussed. This thesis includes six parts: the summary of PSMSTG, the basic theories of PSMSTG, the general evaluation of PSMSTG, PSMSTG of some countries and areas, the research on the improvement of PSMSTG, conclusions and prospect of it.The picture system is the important component of Geography textbook. The picture system of geography textbook is the visual symbol in the textbook, including map, statistical graphs, schematic graph, landscape picture and caricature etc. The picture system has many functions: it can transmit geographical information, form the geographical visual images, show geographical course and strengthen education effects. We should give full play to its functions to promote the teaching effects and reach the teaching objective.Research on PSGTMS should be directed by modern education and psychology, geographical science, propaganda science, systematic ideology and quality-oriented education ideology. Directed by these, PSGTMS have made a great progress in the past 50 years. The quantity and type of it have been enhanced obviously and the; pictures get livelier. However, there exist some problems. For example, the editors do not attach to students' intelligent development; theinformation capacity and structure of picture are not reasonable.To get the better geography textbooks, we must study PSMSTG all over the world. In the thesis, some PSGTMS of advanced countries and districts, including American, Britain, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan etc, are introduced. Our compilers should draw experience and lessons from them.Based on analysis above, the improvement of PSGTMS is discussed mainly on two sides. In rational thinking of picture system, some thoughts must be stressed: the picture design should embody the new theories of curriculum reform, the unification of scientific and interest feature, fitting information capacity, intelligence value and the explicit subject of pictures. When compiling the PSGTMS, the compilers should optimize pictures from vertical structure and horizontal structure. Vertical structure emphasizes graph choice and design, pictures combination and pictures series. Horizontal structure optimization emphasizes the combination of text, pictures and practices, the maximization of the whole function of geography textbooks. Finally, the author compiles a case conforming to those principles above, and presents some opinions. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the theoretical and practical researches of the PSGTMS are the emphasis of geography textbooks research in the future.