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A Study On Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition And Effects Of Physical Exercise In Macau Women

Posted on:2005-03-20Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:M L ShiFull Text:PDF
GTID:2167360125967224Subject:Human Movement Science
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Osteoporosis is a common muscoluskeletal disease for middle-aged people. Investigation of osteoporosis incidence by bone mineral measurement can give us notice for prevention. Research for bone mineral density (BMD) is very popular. So far, there are not any bone measurement data of Macau people, thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the change of BMD in Macau women. On the other hand, BMD can be affected by body composition and physical exercise. The other purpose of this paper is to explore this relationship, and to study the influence of physical exercise on Macau women's body composition and BMD.Six hundred and eighty Macau Women's right calcaneas were measured of stiffness by using Achilles Insight Imaging Bone Ultrasonometer. And their body composition were measured by using Bioelectrical Impedance Assessment (BIA) with Inbody 3.0. The study also investigated the behavior of doing exercise in the subjects. Thus, the stiffness index (STI) and body composition were compared between exercise group and control group. The exercise group consisted of 32 women who kept on Tai Ji Quan exercise and 26 women who kept on swimming for at least 5 years, while the control group consisted of 31 women who never did any exercise. The main results are as follows:(1) The STI peak values of calcaneas could be seen in 30~34 years old group for Macau women. Afterwards STI diminished with increasing age. However, the lean body mass (LBM), soft lean mass (SLM) had little change before 55 years, and percent body fat (PBF) were increase with their growing age, while reached 50 years old, the muscle decreased, but fat increased.(2) The STI of postmenopausal women were lower than that of premenopausal women, while their PBF and waist hip ratio (WHR) were higher significantly. The results indicated that age growing and menopause are the reason of losing in bone mineral, while making body fat increased.(3) The study showed that the obesity incidence of middle-aged Macau women was high, reached 53.3%, and most of them were waist fat. Also, some women who had a normal body mass index (BMI) get fat (PBF>30%) because they had more fat than muscle. Therefore, analysis of body composition is important for prevention of getting fat. A formula can be used to estimate the PBF of Macau women. It is as follow: PBF (%) = 91.5WHR – 50.1.(4) The STI was positively correlated with the height, weight, LBM, SLM, and SFD, while negatively correlated with the age and WHR (P<0.05). But there wasn't correlated remarkably with PBF. Also, the low bone mineral group had less LBM, SLM, and SFD than normal bone mineral group (P<0.05). It indicated that the muscle mass were different between low and normal bone mineral group. If BMD can't be measured by special instrument, we can use LBM or SLM to find out the people who were getting to osteoporosis. Secondly, the BMD was seldom affected by PBF. (5) Among the study subjects, the STI, LBM, SLM and SFD of the women who were kept on Tai Ji Quan and swimming were a little higher than the control group, and had a lower PBF, but it had not significant differences. It indicated that scientific sport guide and within group study is important for sport effects research. It is difficult to observe the effects of sports on increasing STI and muscle mass through questionnaire study between groups and not under severe sport density control.
Keywords/Search Tags:BMD, osteoporosis, obesity, stiffness index, body composition, exercise, menopause, woman
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