| The scarcity of education investment is a big problem that always hinders our elementary education. Since the reform of fee and tax in countryside was carried out, the basic structure of the multi-ways investment of compulsory education of countryside has changed greatly, the financial investment and tuition become the main income of compulsory education of countryside. Under this background, "The system of one-time payment" not only can regulate the educational fee, but also touch the "weakness" of the countryside even the whole investment system of education again."The system of one-time payment" began at some of poverty-stricken zones in 2001, then spread in countryside and experimented in some of cities in 2003, and carried out fully throughout the country. It is growing up from a "new-born hawk" to "mature hawk", and like a sword stabbing at the illegal fee of education. We know that the systematical circumstances propel "the system of one-time payment" is very important, but there are still many drawbacks in our financial investment system of education. Therefore, these induce a series of problems that we unexpected: the public funds are insufficient and schools can't run well; teaching facility is bad and the quality of teaching is falling; the debt question in elementary and secondary schools is heavy; the gap of compulsory education between the urban area and the rural one is further large, etc.Through investigation, we find that the internal defects of "the system of one-time payment" and outer drawbacks of the investment system of compulsory education are the tow main reasons that induce so serious problems. This article applies the theory of price regulation to analyze the rationality of "the system of one-time payment", discusses the specialty of cost share of compulsive education, and puts forward a series of measures that rectify "the system of one-time payment" and the whole investment system of compulsory education.
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