| The concept of tacit knowledge was proposed by the famous British scientific philosophist Polanyi in his Personal Knowledge in 1958, which divided the knowledge people acquired through cognitive activities into two kinds: tacit and obvious. Obvious knowledge refers to the knowledge that can be expressed by language or symbols, while tacit knowledge is the knowledge that cannot be explicitly expressed linguistically. The theory has attracted much attention in the western world as soon as it made its appearance, and it has broadly infiltrated the fields of natural and humanistic science. What's more, tacit knowledge has been used in the research of educational problems. Chinese scholars began to study the theory in 1980s, but it was not until the late 1990s that they made the first attempt to combine the tactic theory with Chinese education.Currently, the education of Chinese language is facing great challenge, and some problems in Chinese teaching process will be discussed in this paper.From the viewpoint of psychology, Chinese teaching should stand on some psychological basis, and therefore we divide Chinese knowledge into four patterns on the bases of theory of knowledge. First, tacit phonetic pattern. In everybody'smind , there is a phonic pattern which enables him to recognize different linguistic objects . Second, tacit semantic pattern, which helps to judge the semantic and emotional meaning of a sentence. Third, tacit grammatical pattern, through which people can recognize whether a linguistic object is lexically and syntactically correct without the process of sensible analysis of linguistic knowledge .Fourth, tacit syntactic and grammatical pattern. With this pattern, people can make intuitive judge on the type, structure, and style of linguistic syntaxThe basic features of tacit knowledge can be expressed asfollows: first, individuality, which refers to the individualfeature of the subject' s personal knowledge, and which is oftenexpressed as subjectivity,, Second, situational feature. Theconstruction and understanding of language happen in certainsituations. Third, social and cultural feature, which refersto the social and cultural factors that affect the forming andunderstanding of language. Fourth, ambiguity, which refers tothe situation that we can hardly express some image and conceptthough we CAN understand them. Fifth, intuitivity, a kind ofexperience, realization, or skill that is obtained through thesubject' s own involvement.The formational mechanism mainly includes the following three: Firstly, the formation of tacit knowledge is closely connected with the unconsciousness of cognition. Secondly, the formation of tactic knowledge is restrained by its social structure. Thirdly, the formation of tacit knowledge is also related to the fear of authorities. Accordingly, the following principles should be abided by to awake students' tacit knowledge. First, situational principle. Their tacit knowledge can be easily awakened when students are in specified environment. Second, the equality between the teacher and the students. The teacher' s authentic image should be eradicated. Third, the equality among students. Try to eliminate the unequal speaking rights among students.There are two sides of meaning concerning the effects of tacit knowledge on Chinese teaching. One is pedagogic meaning, i. e. it has developed new ideas of Chinese teaching and research. The other is the meaning about subject' s developing. Students' development can be improved by our paying attention to their potential ability and wakening their tacit knowledge. |
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