The Exploration Of Reasons On The Rise Of American Research Universities

The idea of American research universities originates from Germany. Through the development in more than one century, the American research universities form the unique patterns, become outstanding in the higher education system of the world and impel the advancement of American society, which are later imitated by many other countries. Why can American research universities be so distinguished even facing intense competition from some other universities at home and abroad? On view of history research, this paper tries to analyze the rising reasons of American research universities.First of all, this paper explains the definitions and relations between the world first-class universities and the research universities, and then illustrates the course of the development of American research universities from the historical standpoint.After that, the reasons of the rise of American research universities are explored from three aspects. Firstly, Britain, France and German offer the model of the rise of American research universities. Secondly, American social environment is the soil of development of American research universities. In politics, The Federal government vindicates the independence of universities, and affords the policy supports and legal guarantees. In economy, the flourishing economy of America is the foundation of the form and development of American research universities. Societal demand extends the field of research of universities; economic development supplies the substantial foundation of it. In science and technology policies, American research universities benefit greatly from the policy of absorbing foreign scientists and facilitating military research. Thirdly, the internal factors of American research universities are the underlying impulse of the development of research universities. Sufficient scientific research funds, advanced facilities and the libraries with rich collections furnish the...