The Development Course And The Reflection Of Ideological And Political Education In Universities Since Reform And Opening Up

In China, ideological and political education in universities has a verylong history and always has attracted much attention. For the concreteness andprobability of the research, this paper concentrates on the development courseof ideological and political education in universities from 1979 to 2005, whichcovers 26 years. Based on the characteristics of the development on theideological and political education in universities since reform and opening up,this course can be divided into two stages in the rough.The first stage is from the beginning of 1979 to the summer of 1989. Thisstage can be further divided into two periods. The first period is the forepart ofreform and opening up, which is from the beginning of 1979 to October, 1984.In this period, the striking characteristic of the ideological and politicaleducation is the completeness of Bringing Order out of Chaos in the field of theideology and then the comprehensive construction on the ideological andpolitical education in universities associated with the reestablishment of thethinking route of " Liberating Thinking, Seeking Truth from Facts " of theParty after the holding of The Third and Sixth Plenary Session of the 11thCentral Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. On the hand, implementall-sided the Party's guiding principle of education, rectify the guiding ideology,resume the choiceness traditions and reconstruct the working troop and theinstitution of the ideological and political education. On the other hand,establish that the ideological and political education is a subject. The secondperiod is the transferring period of economy system, which is from October,1984 to June, 1989. In the last period of the 1980's, since the rapid changes onthe social structure and economy system and the flooding of CapitalismLiberalism, the ideological and political education once forced the hardsituation and fell to the valley bottom. In this period, the characteristic of theideological and political education embody on two respects. Contrapose to theoccurring repeatedly of the student movements in the last period of 80's, theuniversities develop the education of insisting on the Four Basic Principles andopposing the Capitalism Liberalism;contrapose to actuality that the contentsand methods of the ideological and political education in universities can notfollow the new condition, the government promulgate "the notify of reform theteaching on the ideology and morality and political theory course inuniversities", stipulate the curriculum design and teaching contents of Marxismtheory course and ideology and morality course in college and ask forcompiling the textbook. At the same time, the universities gradually realizedthe important function of the social practice on the complement and expandingrespects of the ideological and political education and often actively organizedthe college student to take part in the social practice.The second stage is from June, 1989 to the beginning of 2005. Whenhistory's wheel entered into1990's, the fleetly and sustainable development ofChinese economy and the constitution and fulfillment of a series of policy andguidelines on the Spiritual civilization construction and enhancing theideological and political education in universities produced actively functionfor changing the disadvantage situation of the ideological and politicaleducation. Especially, the convoking of The Fourth Plenary Session of the 13thCentral Committee indicated that the development of the ideological andpolitical education entered into a new phase. This phase can be divided intothree periods. The first period is the adjusting period which is from June, 1989to October, 1992. The characteristic of this period embodied on two aspects.First, reflecting the experiences and lessons on the Spiritual civilization and theideological and political education in universities since Reform and opening up.Second, paying attention to the combination of school education and socialeducation and making the social practice activity be the important approach ofthe ideological and political education. The second period is in the process ofconstructing socialism market economy system, which is from October, 1992to September, 1997. The reform goal of socialism market economy systemestablished in The 14th Meeting of the Chinese Communist Party aroused aprofound social revolution. Since the influence of the market system, theideological and political education enhanced the relation with the society andattached more importance to contact the social life. Another, for eliminating thedisadvantage of the market system to the collage, the ideological and politicaleducation made a point of the theme education of the patriotism, thecollectivism and the socialism. At the same time, quickening the speed of basicconstruction and advancing the level of the science and system on theideological and political education. In 1985, the former State EducationCommission issued "the College Moral Education Outlines ". After that, theChinese ideological and political education in universities went on a path withstandardization and science which is "Managing, Cultivating and EducatingAccording to Outlines ". The third period is the period of deepening reform andbuilding all-round well-off society, which is from September, 1997 to thebeginning of 2005. From the end of 20th century, along with the Holding of the15th and 16th Meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, the ideological andpolitical education in universities began to a more deepen and more all-roundreform. In this period, the task and goal of the ideological and politicaleducation were clear step by step, the contents and forms advanced and beganto display the diversification day by day. For example, the quality education isabsorbed in the object system of the ideological and political education inuniversities;implementing and carrying out the spirit of the 15th Meeting,pushing the curriculum and teaching reforming, putting the "Building thesocialism with Chinese characteristic theory of Deng Xiaoping " into thecentering position of the ideological and political education;the mental healtheducation entering into more and more collages;strengthening the collagecampus culture education attached much importance in the collages at large.Looking back the development course of the ideological and politicaleducation since reform and opening up, many experiences which arefundamental, direct and regularly diverse to sum up: The ideological andpolitical education must insist on the orientation of socialism, it is the crux forguarantee the shaping up of the ideological and political education. Pushing allaround the quality education and setting the basic task of the full developmenthave advanced that the object system of the ideological and political educationis more abundance, deepening and perfect. Persisting in "Reform pushingDevelopment", carrying out earnest the spirit of the central governmentdocuments, enriching the contents stage by stage and expanding the approach,all of these will make the ideological and political education have more vitalforce and energy. Forming the training institution and system gradually andconstituting the professional group are the most important things for enhancingand improving on the ideological and political education and defending thestability of the collage.Meanwhile, in the past 26 years, ideological and political education inuniversities has also some disadvantages, among them some of which occurredrepeatedly and have not been solved. Facing up to these problems and trying tosolve them will be of great benefit to us. 1) In guiding ideology, we shouldattach importance to the education of ideal and belief. 2) In key education, weshould cultivate the capability of students' self-education. 3) In teamconstruction, we should search after the new method of "web-ideological andpolitical education" actively.