Study On Existing Problems In National Students' Loan And Its Countermeasures

National students'loan undertaken by four national commercial banks including Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, with the interest paid by national finance, is available to full-time students of colleges and universities of PRC (excluding the regions of Hong Kong, Macau, or Taiwan), who is needy. Since it came into force in 1999, it has become the most usefully policy to help the needy students for it has the largest coverage and funds. But delinquent loans made the confliction between supply and demand of national students'loan intensified, and blocked the operation of national students'loan. It is of theoretical and practical significance to perfect national students'loan policy, to solve the problem of delinquent loans, and to make it available to more needy students.This thesis studies national students'loan system with the theory of cost sharing of higher education and human capital. National students'loan, which is necessarily demanded by the popularization and the charging system reform of higher education of China, can erase the adverse impacts of tuition increase, and is effective in solving the problem of needy student who cannot afford the education. But there exist problems such as banks are unwilling to lend too much, problem of delinquent loans is serious, the distribution of loans is not balanced, and so on. The causes of these problems are: the nature of national students'loan is vague, no relevant laws or regulations are enacted for security, financial environment is not sound, risk compensation is insufficient, government actions are inadequate, the burden rate of students'paying back is too high, and the investment of colleges is not enough. By referring to the experience of students'loans of America, this thesis promotes the countermeasures such as legislation for national students'loan policy, to make clear the surety, enforce elastic recovery system, concrete exemption system, and so on. This thesis also suggests that a students'loan foundation be established to coordinate the relationship among entities involved in students'loan——government, banks, colleges, and students to form a strict restricting system todecrease delinquent loans.