The Research On The Federal Research Support For University In U.S.A After World War Ⅱ

Science and technology of America has been in the world leading level Since the 1920's, this situation cannot separate with the contribution of the university scientific research, the university is the place where the student could explore scientific knowledge, the American university is playing the very important role in the promotion country's science and technical meritt. Moreover, the university also is important place where bring up the scientist and engineer. Strengthened the research function of university has already become significant method to enhance the American scientific enterprise and nation's power. This article put emphasis on the study of subsidize of US federal state to the university scientific research, and this paper made some studies junior discussion at large on the aspect of the history and the present situation, type of the subsidizes and the characteristic, motivate of grant and effect of research grubstake of the federal state after World War II. for the university scientific research. The purpose of summarizing US's success experience is to provide the model experience for development of our country's scientific research of university enterprise.This article mainly divides into four parts:The first part, from four different historical periods which based on the amount of history material in the inspection massive foundation, reviewed situation of subsidizes to the university scientific research of the US federal state after World War II, and then analyzed the present situation which the American scientific research subsidizes.The second part, elaborated the type and the characteristic of the subsidizes which the federal state to the university scientific research. The federal state used different type of subsidizes aiming at the different scientific research, but every university sign the research contract with the federal government after strove for research subsidizes through the fair competitionThe third part, US is the public greatly strengthened country, the federal governmental funds for the university scientific research also is precisely based on the national strategy need. This article elaborated the motive of federal state funds the university scientific research from four aspects ,regard the national tradition of scientific research, the university is the most important strength for the national science and technology development, the good scientific research academic accumulates of university, as well as federal government's hegemony need.The fourth part, analyzed the federal state based on above three parts of elaboration this article in this part talk about the federal state fund the university scientific research effect on the university and the national development. Says from the university aspect, the federal state subsidized the scientific research of university to cause the university to obtain the sufficient scientific research funds, promoted the university development but simultaneously also vacillated university's independent status in the certain degree; Says from the federal state aspect, the university scientific research level gained the fast development under the federal fund support, it has trained the lots of high grade scientists and technicians for the US, and promoted the national science and technology level, maintained US "the world leader" status.