Biological Researches On Influences Of Movement And Trifolium Pratense L To The High Fat Diet Rats' Blood Vessel

The high fat diet finally caused the hyperlipidemia and initiates atherosclerosis (AS): AS and its complication had aroused people's widespread interest because it already became one of primary causes of humanity death. The early researches about how to prevent and delay its pathologic process had the important significance both in theory and practice. In recent years the clinical medicine research discovered the blood vessel configuration, the change of its function were close to the occurrence and development of AS. The movement is one of intensely mechanical stimulation, so the different intensities and times of movement have the different influences to the blood vessel configuration and function. Therefore, the thorough analysis about the rule between different physiological load of exercise and the change of blood vessel configuration and function has great meaningfulness to reveal the biological mechanism of remolding the movement and the blood vessel configuration and function. Movement can improve the blood vessel configuration and function of hyperlipidemia rats. Research on the mechanism has the significantly practicalmeaningfulness to the theory and the method of AS treatment. At present there are many reports on pathological remolding of blood vessel configuration and the effects in it aroused by apoptosis, the cell adheres molecular and the cell factors and so on, but the researches on the movement training or (and) the Chinese native medicine's intervention to the blood vessel configuration, the apoptosis, the blood vessel cell adheres molecular and the cell factor are still rare. This article mainly discussed the influence and possible biological mechanism about different intensities of training and Trifolium pratense L to blood vessel configuration and function of hyperlipidemia rats.This article set different intensities movement models and the hyperlipidemia models, observed the structure of blood vessel collagen metabolism, VEC and the VSMC and researched the immunohistochemistry of function protein, including NO and the apoptosis. Finally the author revealed that different intensities training had influence to the normal rats artery blood vessel configuration and function as well as the aerobic training and the Trifolium pratense L to the hyperlipidemia rats. That proved the experiment basis of treating AS with movement and Chinese native medicine. The author used 70 male SD rats in 3 months age (provided by Xi'an JiaoTong University Medical school animal administrative center) and the weight were 220±20g. Then divided them into 7 groups stochastically: the normal control group (A group), the aerobic training group (B group), the fatigue movement group (C group), the high fat control group (D group), the high fat with movement group (E group), the high fat with the medicine group (F group) and the high fat with movement adding the medicine group (G group). A, B and C groups used the national standards rodent animal's dry feed, while D, E, F and G groups used the high fat feed. During the experimental period all rats had free diet in the feeding room with 17℃-23℃temperature and 40%-60% humidity. The test started after the adaptability feed for a week and the movement training was in the way that increasing run intensity on the running platform. The initial velocity was 15m/min and the time was 20 minutes. The physiological load of exercise referred to Bedford's research. A, D and F groups did not attend the training. Aerobic training was 5 days each week. The speed increased by degrees was 3m/min and the time was 5 minutes. The max speed was 20m/min, the angle of the running platform is 5°, training for 60 minutes.Fatigue training was 6 days a week. The increasing speed was 3m/min and the time was 5 minutes. The max speed was 35m/min, training for 60±10minutes, the angle of the running platform is 10°. The entire training process continued 8 weeks, which used electrical stimulation to force the rats to run (electricity＜1mA). E and G groups did not attend the training until the 5th week with aerobic training. The physiological load of exercise was 5 days each week. The increasing speed was 3m/min and the time was 5 minutes. The max speed was 20m/min and the max time was 60 minutes. All the training process continued for 4 weeks and finished in the 8th week. Then the author selected the experimental samplings separately, including the blood, the light microscope, the electron microscope and the immunohistochemistry specimen.The experimental result showed that:1. Movement training had the influence to the weight of rats. Although both of the aerobic training and the fatigue training made the weight drop, the fatigue training had extremely obvious effects. That proved the fatigue training caused more catabolism than anabolism, and the organism energy consumption increased remarkably; the high fat meals rats' weight grew a lot, but there were not significant differences comparing with the normal control group. After the intervention by aerobic training, the weight dropped greatly. That showed the movement training could reduce the weight of hyperlipidemia rats. The aerobic training could reduce the blood pressure and the heart rate of normal rats, but fatigue training made both of indexes significant. That indicated suitable movement training could improve the cardiovascular function, while fatigue training could not help that. Compared with normal rats, the hypedipidemia rats' blood pressureand heart rate had obvious ascension. That proved the high fat diet are not good for the cardiovascular function. After the intervention by movement training, the rats' blood pressure and the heart rate were reduced significantly. That proved movement could improve the hyperlipidemia rats'cardiovascular function.2 Movement training and the Trifolium pratense L had the influence to the hyperlipidemia rats' dyslipidemia. The experimental result demonstrated that, after the intervention of movement training and the Trifolium pratense L, the TC in rats' blood was reduced obviously and HDL ascended, while TG and LDL had not remarkable change. That indicated the aerobic training and the Trifolium pratense L had great effect on improving hyperlipidemia.3 Movement trainings had different influences to Angâ…¡and the ET in plasma. Aerobic training could reduce rats'Angâ…¡and the ET significantly, although VEC and VSMC AT-1R expression had not remarkable influence. Compared with aerobic training, fatigue movement made Angâ…¡, ET and AT-1R expression ascend greatly; The high fat meals also caused ascension of rats blood plasma Angâ…¡, ET content and AT-1R expression, but after intervention of movement and Trifolium pratense L the significances were reduced. That indicated the aerobic training and the Trifolium pratense L for the hyperlipidemia rats'blood vessel configuration and function remolding was close to Angâ…¡and ET.4 Movements had the influence to the blood vessel ultrapathology. The aerobic training could improve the VEC function, enhance the contraction ability of VSMC and increase the elasticity of blood vessel; the fatigue movement could damage the blood vessel and cause VEC to fall off. And VSMC's phenotype transformed from the shrinkage into the synthetic; The VEC of high fat meals rats fell off and appeared the massive fat drop in VEC. The VSMC phenotype mainly transformed into synthetic VSMC and the VSMC invaded endodermis.5 Movement trainings had the varying influence to the rats' blood vessel collagen. Aerobic training increased collagen fiber slightly, while fatigue movement rats had the massive proliferations which increased the hardness and reduced the elasticity of blood vessel. The high fat meals caused massive collagen proliferations, while movement training and the Trifolium pratense L reduced the collagen. That proved both of the movement training and the Trifolium pratense L could improve the remolding of hyperlipidemia rats' blood vessel collagen; the movement training made the VSMC phenotype change. The OPN expression in VSMC was few in aerobic training while a-SM-actin expression was a lot. The fatigue training increased the OPN and the MMP-13 expressions in VSMC significantly but reduced a-SM-actin expression. OPN and MMP-13 expression significance in VSMC of hyperlipidemia rats ascended while the a-SM-actin expression reduced. The SMC phenotype transformed and appeared the multiplication phenomenon; After the intervention by movement and the Trifolium pratense L, OPN and MMP-13 expression significance reduced and a-SM-actin expression significance increased. That indicated intervention of aerobic training and the Trifolium pratense L improved hyperlipidemia blood vessel's structure and function, which was related to blood vessel collagen remolding and the VSMC phenotype transformation and multiplication.6 Movement trainings had the influence to the CAM expression in rats' blood vessel tissue cell. The significance of aerobic training to the integrin, E- selectin and the VCAM-1 expression in VEC reduced, while the significance of fatigue training and hyperlipidemia to the integrin, E- selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 expression in VEC and VSMC increased. After intervention by aerobic training and the Trifolium pratense L, all the above significances reduced. That indicated the aerobic training and the Trifolium pratense L could improve the adherent function of hyperlipidemia rats blood vessel cell.7 Movements influenced the blood vessel tissue cell factors and the growth factors. The aerobic training caused these expression significance reduced, including NFr,B-P65, MCP-1, TNF-a in VEC and NFkB-P65, the MCP-1 in VSMC; But the fatigue training could cause some expression significances like NFkB-P65, MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, VEGF and CTGF in VEC and VSMC increased; NFkB-P65, MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, VEGF and CTGF expression significances in hyperlipidemia rats' blood vessel tissue cell ascended greatly; After the intervention by movement and the Trifolium pratense L, the NFkB-P65, MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, VEGF and the CTGF expression significance in blood vessel tissue cell reduced. That indicated the movement training and the Trifolium pratense L for remolding of hyperlipidemia rats' blood vessel configuration and function had close relationship to NFkB-P65, MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, VEGF and the CTGF expression.8 Movements had the influence to NOS expression in rats' VEC and VSMC. iNOS and eNOS expression in VEC and VSMC of aerobic training rats were not remarkable. iNOS and eNOS expression significance reduced both in fatigue movement rats VEC and VSMC and in hyperlipidemia rats. But movement training and Trifolium pratense L made iNOS and eNOS expression significance increased. That indicated the movement training and the Trifolium pratense L for remolding of hyperlipidemia rats' blood vessel structure and functions were close to the NOS expression.9 Movement trainings could influence apoptosis in VEC and VSMC. The Bax expression significance in VEC and VSMC of aerobic training rats dropped, the Bcl-2 expression significance rose and the p⁵³ expression significant reduced slightly. These results had not statistical differences; Bax and p⁵³ expression significance in fatigue training rats ascended greatly, but Bcl-2 expression significance reduced. That indicated apoptosis happened; In VEC and VSMC of hyperlipidemia rats, Bax and P⁵³ expression significance ascended, while the Bcl-2 expression significance reduced; After the intervention of aerobic training and the Trifolium pratense L, Bax and the P53 expression significance reduced, but the Bcl-2 expression significance ascended. That indicated the aerobic training and the Trifolium pratense L for remolding of the hyperlipidemia rats' blood vessel structure and function had close relationship to the apoptosis.