Response And Adaptation Of Blood Cell And Hemoglobin Under The Condition Of Long Term Incremental Exercises

The purpose of this study was to observe the changes of the concentration of the HB and other related blood cells indexes after a bout of exercise and five weeks of progressively increased load exercise so as to learn the effects of chronic exercise on the blood cells and the concentration of HB and to find out the adaptive change rule of the blood cells on the modality and enginery after exercise .It was attempted to provide theoretic evidence for evaluating and preventing from the sports anemia. Methods:The subjects of this study were three months old SD rats which were arranged into 24 groups randomly (n=6): 0 week group(WK0); the one week training group(WK1); the two weeks training group(WK2); the three weeks training group(WK3); the four weeks group(WK4); the five weeks group(WK5); every group was then divided into the sedentary group, immediately, 3 hours and 24 hours after exercise groups. Upon the completion of the prescribed exercise patterns, the rats were executed respectively, the blood was collected to examine the change of RBC, WBC, HBG and platelet. The results of the experiment as follows:1 Compared with sedentary group, RBC count decreased after one bout of exercise. In WK1 group RBC count reduced immediately after exercise compared with sedentary group but there was no obvious difference, and then recovered gradually. In WK2 group RBC count significantly reclined immediately after exercise compared with WKO and sedentary group. In WK3 group RBC count significantly reclined immediately and 3 hours after exercise (P<0.05); In WK4 group RBC immediately after exercise significantly decreased compared with WKO and WK4 sedentary group, and it remained low even 3 hours after exercise. In WK5 group RBC in all exercise groups significantly reclined compared with WKO sedentary group(P<0.05).2 After one bout of exercise, the level of HGB immediately after exercise was higher than sedentary group, and reclined 3 hours after exercise but no significant difference was found, and recovered to the resting level 24 hours after exercise. HGB in WK1 immediately and 3 hours after exercise significantly decreased compared with WKO sedentary and WK1 groups. In wk2 group the level of HGB immediately after exercise was lower than that in WKO sedentary and WK2 groups. The levels of HB immediately after exercise in wk3 and wk4 groups and 3 hours after exercise in wk4 group reclined compared with WKO and WK4 sedentary group(P<0.05). Compared with WKO sedentary group, HGB in all WK5 groups significantly reclined, and the level in the sedentary group was obviously lower than that immediately after exercise. It indicated that the high intensity training in WK5 group induced the sports anemia..3 After one bout of exercise, the level of WBC immediately and 3 hours after exercise elevated significantly compared with sedentary group(P<0.05). In WK1 group thelevel of WBC immediately and 3 hours after exercise elevated significantly compared with WKO and WK1 sedentary groups. In WK2 group the level of WBC immediately and 3 hours after exercise was higher than that in WKO sedentary group, and the level 3 hours after exercise was higher than that in WK2 sedentary group. In WK3, WK4 and WK5 groups the level of WBC immediately and 3 hours after exercise increased significantly compared with WKO sedentary group. In WK5 group the level 24 hours after exercise was obviously higher than that in WKO and WK5 sedentary groups.4The number of platelet examined immediately, 3 hours and 24 hours after exercise increased significantly (P<0.05); The number of platelet examined after exercise in WK1, WK2, WK3, WK4 all elevated compared with WKO sedentary group; platelet examined immediately, 3 hours and 24 hours after five weeks training heightened significantly compared with WKOsedentary group(P<0.05); platelet of wk5 control group elevated but was not significantly different from WKO sedentary group. Conclusions:1 The percentage of red blood cells decreased after one bout of exercise and decreased significantly after five weeks progressively increased load exercise .it may induce sports anemia.2 The increasing of the number of white blood cells after a bout of exercise suggested that the immune system could protect the body by inducing an acute response to exercise stress. Moderate exercise could increase the base level of white blood cells and enhance the immunity by decreasing the responses to exercise stress.3 The number of platelet increased after one bout of moderate exercise but decreased after the prolonged exercise. The decrease of platelet, which can reduce the blood viscosity is beneficial to the cardiovascular system. The number of platelet which is correlated with the body condition can be applied as an index of functional assessment but this application need to be further studied.4 The concentration of platelet increased, and then recovered gradually to the normal level immediately after one bout of exercise. The concentration of platelet, however, reduced gradually after the prolonged exercise, and reduced to the lowest lever at the fifth week, and even could not recover to the normal level over a long recovery time. This suggested that the immune system could not keep the balance between destruction and generation. The decrease of the concentration of platelet in case of prolonged strenuous exercise would attenuate the athlete's performance and induce sports anemia. Therefore, it was suggested that it is necessary to decrease the exercise intensity or increase the recovery duration so as to prevent the appearance of overtraining and sports anemia.