Analysis Of Influencing Factors In Implementation Of The Policy "Action Of Caring For Girls"

In order to control the continuous increase in sex ratio (that is the ratio of number of live-born male infants to that of live-born female infants), and correct the unbalanced sex structure of population, the Chinese government carries out a special management - the action of caring for girls. As a kind of public management action, the course of carrying out the action is essentially the implementation of relating policies. It is proved by a lot of fact that a policy would not always be implemented smoothly as expected, but be influenced by many restrictive factors. In implementation of a policy, only when the factors, which obstruct the policy being effectively implemented, are fully realized, and further be analyzed and summarized, can the difficulties in implementation be tackled and carried out to the detail, to achieve expected results.In the action of caring for girls, a series of public policies were established and carried out, such as: guidance policies which transform the people's concept of marriage, encouraging and supporting policies by giving preference to girls and their families in schooling, hospitalization, employment, production and life, etc., compulsory policies to strengthen management of B-ultrasonic diagnosis in medical institutions and forbid sex identification of fetus, etc., and the implementation of which are influenced by many factors, such as disadvantages of policy itself, enforcement institutions and personnel lack relating consciousness and fulfill their duties ineffectively, the fund is deficient, the people under different backgrounds of child-bearing culture have different concept of marriage, etc. To minimize the influences of different factors by analyzing and discussing them, to ensure the policies be implemented effectively.This article consists of five parts:The first part is introduction, in which the background, experimental unit, task and objective of "the action of caring for girls" are introduced, and the theoretical pattern and researching documents of influencing factors in policy's implementation, and research thought and methods of the article are expounded.The second part expatiates and analyzes the policy's content of "the action of caring for girls" in Jilin Province. It introduces the current situation about sex ratio of birth population in Jilin Province, and main practices of "the action of caring for girls" and problems exist in it. After 1980s, the sex ratio of birth population in Jilin Province rose and kept increasing. The sex ratio was 107.77 at the third census in 1982, and the figure increased to 111.23 at the fifth census in 2000, and then decreased to 109.25 in 2005, which was still higher than the normal value (103 - 107). Under this situation, corresponding policies were carried out in Jilin Province, which were mainly guidance policy, encouraging policy and compulsory policy. Certain problems existed during implementation of these policies, such as the operability was low, and the innovations were deficient and they were carried out ineffectively, etc.The third part analyzes the influences of enforcement institutions on policy's implementation. The executors do not completely realize the situation of population, the sex ratio of birth population and the effect of "the action of caring for girls", all of which affect their execution of specific policy. The deficiency of financial fund is a bottleneck problem in implementation of policies, which is mainly caused by insufficient investment by the state in experimental unit, and influenced by the development situation of local economy, the fund for provincial government and all relating departments is not guaranteed and the fund is not listed in financial budget. Furthermore, relating departments' failure in fulfilling their duties, due to considering self-interest and ineffective management of personnel, also greatly affects the implementation of policies.The fourth part studies the influence of objective group's marriage concept on policy's implementation. The child-bearing behavior is led by people's concept of marriage, which is influenced by certain child-bearing culture. The traditional child-bearing culture in our country, as regarding boys as superior to girls, raising boys to care for the old and continuing the line of family, influences the people profoundly, which is also the basic reason for sex selection bearing. Along with the development of economy and society, the new concept of marriage, which is more scientific, civilized and advanced, is accepted by more and more people. The consciousness and behavior of objective group are consistent with policy objective, which push forward the effective implementation of policy. Enough attention shall be given to propaganda and education, which are important means to guide objective group to transform their marriage concept.The end part put forward corresponding suggestions. As the illegal identification of fetus's sex and the illegal sex selection by termination of pregnancy (called "two illegal behaviors" for short) are direct reasons for continuous and rapid increasing of sex ratio of birth population, therefore, to strengthen the management of medical institutions and personnel and striking force on "two illegal behaviors" are emphasis in implementing the policy of "the action of caring for girls". In addition, the sex selection behavior of child-bearing was born under the influence of marriage concept - regarding boys as superior to girls, which is encouraged by the phenomenon of gender inequality in real life, therefore, the basic solution is that the government shall energetically strengthen the system construction which is favorable to the existence and development of women, and implement powerful measures to guarantee the systems be carried out to the detail, so to cultivate the sex equality atmosphere in the whole society and promote the social and economic status of women.