A Study On Specialized Features Of National Top Swimmers' Body Shape

The top swimmers'competition performance is influenced by comprehensive many factors.As one of the important factors to forecast human's sports potential,body shape features is the prime assurance for swimers to make good performance.It can not only offer a scientific guidence for the national swimmers selection and a distance guidence for the primary swimmers selection,but also provide a reference for specialized physical training by exploring the specialized features of national top swimmers' body shape.By using some statistics meathods,such as One-Way ANOVA,Independent-Samples T Test, Factor Analysis and Discriminant Analysis,This thesis studied 70 national top swimmers in China and analyzed the body shape features of the national top swimmers from the angle of different specialties,such as Short Distance Freestyle Swimming,Long Distance Freestyle Swimming,Backstroke,Breaststroke,Butterfly and Medley Event.The results are as follows:1.Male swimmers with different specialties have significant differences on 17 indexes:height,seat height,refers to spacing,upper extremity length,cubitus plus hand length,lower limbs length,length of tendon,foot length,refers to spacing index,seat height index,trunk-leg index,chest girth,hip girth,index of difference of upper arm relax-tightness breadth,shoulder breadth,Weierweike index,shoulder skin plait thickness, etc.(P＜0.05).Meantime,female swimmers with different specialties have significant difference on the 11 indexes:height,refers to spacing index,waist girth,hip girth,weight, Quetelet index,upper arm skin plait thickness,body water capacity,muscle capacity conjecture value,lean body mass,BMR,etc.And these indexes come together to build up the index system of national top swimmers' body shape features.2.By comparing the body shape indexes with significant difference of different specialties' top swimmers,the writer found that different specialties and sexes'athletes are very different in the indexes.It suggests in the athletes'selection,male athletes in Short Distance Freestyle Swimming It is requires high in seat height,upper extremity length,cubitus plus hand length,foot length,chest girth,index of difference of upper arm relax-tightness breadth and Weierweike index.However,female athletes mainly consider waist girth and weight index.Backstroke male athletes require high in refers to spacing, length of tendon,refers to spacing index,trunk-leg index,hip girth,shoulder skin plait thickness,and female athletes with high refers to spacing index should be shosen first. Breaststroke Male athletes require high in lower limbs length,seat height index,and female athletes with high index of hip girth,Quetelet index,upper arm skin plait thickness,body water capacity,muscle capacity conjecture value,lean body mass.It is considered important in height,shoulder breadth of Medley Event male athletes,and female athletes require high in BMR.Long Distance Freestyle female swimmers requires high in height.3.Set up the weight model and mean model of body shape index of national top male and female swimmers.This paper indicates that top male swimmers should have long heel strings and reversed vertebral body body shape,upper arm muscle should be rich in flexibility and strong in contracting force,Short in lower limbs length,large quantity in subcutaneous fat,index of refers to spacing is large,top female swimmers are large in chest girth and refers to spacing,low weight,small hip girth.At the same time, according to percentile method make single and grade evaluation standard of national top swimmers'body shape.4.Take the top swimmers'specialties as classifying variable and the reselected 44 body shape index as discrimination variable.Variable of discrimination function of male and female swimming specialty is respectively refers to spacing,upper extremity length, index of difference of upper arm relax-tightness breadth and waist girth,BMR,shoulder breadth/height×100.These variables not only can distingwish the specialty for which athlete is particularly suitable,but also can be the important selection index of different specialty swimmers.