Research Of Canadian Grace Fong On Educated Women Of Ming And Qing Dynasty

This essay introduces the accomplishments in the researches on Chinese women in Ming and Qing Dynasty by the Canadian sinologist Grace Fong,and by the comparison with relevant domestic researches,summarize the feature and the focal points of her researches.Grace fong has a wide range of research on educated women in Ming and Qing Dynasty,in which they can be divided into three categories:the first is the research on the women agency,which,with the texts written by women as the materials, take the combination of sociological way and literary way; the second is the literary research on women Song lyrics;the third is the research on women poetry anthology.In the research on the women agency,through the investigation of Ming and Qing women' s writing poetries before death,Grace Fong argues that the agency doesn't need to be fond in the defy to the power,it is also shown when women were struggling for the acknowledgement from the society, and when they fought to realize the highest value acknowledged by the society;In the research on embroidery,Fong found that noblewomen took advantage of the relativity between embroidery and some kinds of arts ,and constructed their authority on writing ,painting ,calligraphy and so on inside the knowledge field of embroidery,which confirm the release of subjectivity of women in a lacal space. Fong also argues that women's authority in the fields of traditional knowledge fell with the knowledge in the modern cocial transformation;Further more,the research on L(?) Bicheng display the course of women's struggle in the background of women's liberation and their self-awareness and enterprise,and Fong also shows the conflicts between women and the society in this background.In the research on the women Song lyrics,Grace Fong investigates the development of the feminized description of Song lyrics,and argued that the feminized quality of Song lyrics was established by men ,thus it has many male features. These gradually accumulated and fossilized features formed the potential rules which restrict women's writing. The biggest trouble that women writers faced when they wrote Song lyrics was that owning to the vacation of convention special for women to describe their emotion,it became very hard for them to express their emotion. Thus some women writers expressed their emotion obscurely or even concealed it,some imitated male tone to write,and some even bravely broke the gender limitation in literature ,which is shown when women Song lyric writer combined the male tone with the description of female image.On the research on women poetry anthologies,Fong investigates how women poetry anthologies were "canonized" and argue that the rules of compiling women anthologies were quite different from that of canon compiling,further more women poetries were not fairly commented,actually they were incanonized, which is one of the reasons of the absence of women in the history of literature,and which is related to the view of women in that period.The researches of Grace Fong shows her wide mind of study and the objective and rigorous attitude to research. With the impact from Joan Scott,'s social gender theory,Fong advocates to comment women objectively in the interaction between men and women. Her researches on the gengered agency and the subjectivity of women display their positive outlook in their survival in the system of gender in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, which correct the usual misunderstanding of women,and is developmental to the relavent domestic researches.