On Systematism Of Vocational Education During Later Qing Dynasty To Early Republic Of China (1894-1992)

According to the basic principles of Marxist political economy, one knows that economy determines politics, and at the same time politics operates on economy in return. As the superstructure of politics, the origin of vocational education is not a coincidence in history, but fundamentally it is due to the development of national capitalism economy. The degree of development in vocational education depends on the level and scale of economic development. In turn, the development of vocational education has promoted economic development. This paper mainly focuses on the historical origins and forming reasons of vocational education, its process, as well as its contribution to economy.The article divides into three parts.PartⅠ:Practical education system constitution in the late Qing dynasty of China was made. When the Sino-Japanese war broke out, China was facing a serious national crisis. In order to save the crisis, our Chinese people called for concerted effort of "industry saving the nation", and the Qing government also supported it from the policy. Among the establishment of industry, they all suffered from a common difficulty—shortage of talent, therefore, they requested changing the traditional education, put forward their new requirements and claims, put into practice, and eventually led to the formation of practical education system in the late Qing dynasty.PartⅡ:The establishment of vocational education in the early years of republic China. Republic China was just set up, adopted policies concerning industry and commerce in favor of national capitalistic development in economy, and because of the First World War, the major imperialist countries engaged in the War, couldn't spare time to pay attention to the East, so Chinese capitalistic development entered "the golden period". Economic development required corresponding new style talent, but the drawback of vocational education led to it couldn't train the appropriate personnel suited to capitalistic development. Thus the huge contradiction between economy and education, the circle of thinkers launched a criticism to practical education, and called for vocational education. With the effort of Huang Yanpei and others together, Renxu system of education was issued in 1922, marking the formal establishment of vocational education.Part III:Comment on the early vocational education. National capitalistic development was the root of vocational education, conversely, the emergence and development of vocational education promoted capitalistic economic growth. This mainly manifested in the following three aspects:profits-generating function; cultivated a great number of practical and technical personnel for capitalistic economic development; big business appreciated vocational education. The initial phase of vocational education, pushed forward to the process of Chinese educational modernization, enriching diversification talent needs in the economic development, which limitation lied in that it couldn't fit into China primly.