Research On Charity Cause In Northern Jiangsu In Qing Dynasty

As affected by the tremendous social and economic changes during the Ming and the Qing Dynasties Chinese traditional philanthropy has entered a new stage of development. But due to the differences of the natural and social environment, regional charities are very different from each other. The author, refer to the literature and the previous studies, in a comparative perspective, applying the theories and methods of history, sociology and other related subjects, comparatively conducted a systematic study of the Qing Dynasty’s charity between South of Jiangsu and North of Jiangsu. Therefore, it will give us a better way to get a whole picture of the charity’s development condition in North of Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty. This thesis mainly includes five parts:The first part, as the introduction, mainly discusses the brief study of the charity. As The current literature researches on the Qing Dynasty’s charity focus on the condition of South of Jiangsu, The research about North of Jiangsu is relatively in a shortage and so is the systematic comparative study.The second section principally states the natural and social environment for the development of philanthropy in North of Jiangsu in the Qing dynasty. Natural disasters in the Qing Dynasty happen a lot. Moreover, during hundred years after the Yellow River took branches of the Huai River as marine outfall flowing into the sea(1194-1855), North of Jiangsu natural ecological environment has been so severely damaged, wrecked by the flood, drought, locust plague, earthquake and other natural disasters, in addition to the long-term conflict, that it seriously hindered the development of social economy in this area. In order to maintain the social order, the Qing government and the well-doer and squire in the folk actively take various measures to relief people in need of help, so as to promote the development of charity in North of Jiangsu.The third part discusses changes of the philanthropy and the relief in North of Jiangsu mainly from the point of different organizations’ quantity, scale and operation mechanism.In general, the quantity and scale of charity organization in North of Jiangsu is far behind South of Jiangsu, moreover, regional development is uneven. The philanthropy and the relief in North of Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty in the charge of the government, with the folk’s actively participating in highlight the cooperation advantages between the government and the folk, so as to promote the development of charity in North of Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty.The fourth section chiefly describes the development of charity in North of Jiangsu in the Qing dynasty from the perspective of the free-private-school. Broadly speaking, the quantity and scale of charity in North of Jiangsu is less than that in South of Jiangsu, but there are many free private schools widely distributing around the prefecture or county in North of Jiangsu, including the official free-private-school, as a key body, and the folk free-private-school. The author holds that the management and operation of free-private-school solely by official or non-governmental forces donation is unable to maintain for a long term. The folk forces should be widely involved into the official-founded free-private-school, and vice versa. Only official powers and folk forces take part in the development of the free-private-school can make a profound function.In the conclusion, the author depicts that the folk forces should be widely involved into the official-founded free-private-school, and vice versa. Only official powers and folk forces take part in the development of the free-private-school can it make its function into full. In the Qing Dynasty, the local force and the state power in North of Jiangsu is not only in an interdependence and interinfiltration relationship, but also in a mutual collision relationship once in a while. Civil society possesses a relatively independent space and a certain degree of autonomy under the influence of the well-doer and the squire in the folk.