Uighur Social Economic Instruments T (a) Mγa And Ni (?) An Study

Uighur is an ancient language widely used by Uyghur of our country during the Tang, Song and Yuan dynasty, a written symbol system for recording Uighur. It is a written symbol system created on the basis of Sughda. Uyghur have used this language to create a number of priceless cultural codes, a large number of those documents have been preserved to nowadays and serve as a first-hand document for knowing and understanding medieval Uyghur social politics, economic and language conditions.There are a number of extant Uighur documents; they can be divided into religious literature and secular literature, the majority is religious literature. In the large number of Uighur documents, in addition to religious texts, literature, inscription and calendar, medicine book and prescript, there are a considerable number of social and economic instruments including land sale documents, human (slave) sale instruments, loan documents, land exchange documents, pawn instruments, stepchildren instruments, wills, redemption documents, etc. As well as debt record, taxation and service document, government documents, personal letters and so on. In those documents, a large number of various t(a)mya and nisan are kept, indicating contractors involved in the document are responsible for the authenticity and binding force of the document, it is an important procedure for final confirmation of the document. Currently, there are few researches on t(a)mya and nisan in learning Uighur social and economic instruments. This article tries to research t(a)mya and nisan to seek their features and rules.This article is consisted of three parts:introduction, main body and epilogue.Introduction part:Firstly, the author made a brief introduction to Uighur and Uighur documents; secondly, the author introduced research conditions of Uighur social and economic instruments both here and abroad; lastly, the material basis and research method is illustrated.Main body part:main body is composed by five chapters.Chapter one, Uighur social and economic instrument condition and census oft(a)mya and nisan. In this part, the discovery and collection condition of Uighur social and economic instrument is introduced. Also, the tabulation of document number, document type and screenshot of all t(a)mya and nisan in "Uighur contract document collection" is finished.Chapter two, classification of t(a)mya and nisan in Uighur social and economic documents. In this part, t(a)mya and nisan are separated apart, a more detailed tabulation of identity in the contract, social identity and distribution mode is accomplished.Chapter three, characteristic of t(a)mya and nisan in Uighur social and economic documents. On the basis of previous statistics, analysis of number, size, pattern, shape, distribution mode, identity of holders of t(a)mγa and nisan is done to research their characteristics.Chapter four, the effect of t(a)mya and nisan in Uighur social and economic documents. In Uighur social and economic documents, people who need to sign t(a)mya and nisan are contractors and guarantors: contractors confirm the contract, guarantors assure the fulfill of the contract.Chapter five, contrast of t(a)mya and nisan with Central Plains Dynasty. In this part, contrast of t(a)mya and nisan with seal and signature used in Central Plains Dynasty is made. Also, the different pattern oft(a)mya and nisan used used in Uighur social and economic instrument with Central Plains Dynasty is discussed.In epilogue part, the conclusion of this article is made, also, the deficiency of the article is explained shortly.