A Study On The Influence Of The Army On The Political Pattern Of Egypt (1952 ~ 2011)

From the Arab Spring to the Al Sisi government, we have seen the important influence of army on the political pattern of Egypt once again. The author uses the method of comprehensive analysis to find the key of internal and external factors of the political development of Egypt among the historical data; The author also uses the analytical method to build a model of the relationship between the political system of authoritarianism and army and identify the critical role of army. Firstly, the author wants to analyze the historical context and comb the problems that Egypt faces. In 1952, the entanglement and interaction between modernization and modernity lead to a series of challenges to Egypt must face. These challenges include fragile political identity, a serious economic imbalance, social instability, cultural conflicts and external threats, which constitutes the complex political environment of Egypt. Secondly, the interaction between the political environment and political groups creates a political system of authoritarianism in Egypt. The political system of authoritarianism of Egypt has an autonomy characteristic which is architectural and dynamic. Thirdly, the author analyzes the political feature of Egyptian army. The monopoly of violence, strong organizational ability and rigorous hierarchical structure, high level of professionalism and skill, the independent and detached political position, a sustained attention to the nation and regime, these five points form the motivation and factor of military intervention. Finally, the author analyze the relationship between the political system of authoritarianism and army to understand the roles of the latter, including the pillar of stability, the tool to consolidate regime, an important actor of politics, the defender of secularism and nationalism, and a representative of pragmatism. The relationship between political system and army is very complicated. The author hope that this article can promote the research about the Egyptian army.