The Governor Of Liangjiang And The Study Of Local Governance In Daoguang Period

Two rivers area aslonamed “Liangjiang”of Qing Dynasty mainly refers to Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, in the ancient geography book “Yu Gong” they named “Yang”“Xu” and “Yu”. These regional land feature is tough with a vast territory and a large population, with the highest national wealth. It is the Qing government important strategic and financial revenue locations. So the Qing government attached great importance to it. In the period of Shunzhi emperor,the Qing governmenthad set Liangjiang Governor togovernor "civil and military civilian" of these three provinces,after constantly adjustment and improvement this settings has eventually become a formal syterm.With the changes of the times,the functions and powers of the governor of“Liangjiang” has also enlarged. In addition to the basic functions and powers, Liangjiang Governor has also duties of protecting his areas and residents, managing Tribute rice transaction, river administration and salt management and holding trade ministers of south sea.During Daoguang emperor period, the ruling class has big corruption problems. Because of the ruling class decay time, bureaucracy, Tribute rice transaction, river, and salt administrativemisgovernment are very outstanding, and this period isin famine group stage, mass disasters like famine, flood, drought and hail occured alternately in thirty years.The attendant around the peasant rebellion rose one after another, Daoguang Dynasty finally suffered more large-scale uprising storm-- Taiping Rebellion; The area in the external was coveted by western capitalist powers, and directly affected by the armed aggression-- the Opium War. Since then, the Chinese society has been reduced to a semi- colonial and semi- feudal society, and the Chinese people has been endured their double oppression of feudalism and foreign colonialism. In the transition period from a domestic trouble and foreign invasion, Liangjiang area situation is bad, because the area is an important assignment of fiscal taxation of the Qing dynasty, taking more than half of the country’s tribute rice, salt, and because of its envelope jianghuai, hehai, controlling and gathering in the rivers and lakes geographical situation, Liangjiang area being the focus of national river management, Tribute rice transaction, river, salt administrative and three major disadvantages is very outstanding; And caused by the three major drawbacks and corrupt bureaucracy society divide layers also fold and disasters. In the face of Liangjiang area so bad situation, most of Liangjiang governorswhich the Daoguang emperor relies on,enjoyed great authority and municipal governorspresided over the real heart of the strength of the local government. In the short or long of governor’s term of office, no matter what worse the situation is, their implementation is fully obeyed.They rectify and reform the current situation of ion long-standing, in place of appeasement, disaster relief and the people. They develop culture and education, fight against colonialism and improve the Tribute rice transaction,salt and river services as while as strive for long ruling of these region and social stability.