The Formation And Influence Of The Horde 's Proletariat In Roman Republic

In the process of the transformation of the Roman Republic to the Empire, Republic formed lumpenproletariat, this is a special parasitic group, it is the product of the transformation of the Republic, its formation also impact on the history of the late Republic. This paper uses methods of Marxism and Marxist class analysis to research history. Meanwhile widely used research methods from other disciplines, relying rich historical data, combined with the background of Roman history, study the formation of the Roman Republic lumpenproletariat and its impact on Roman history, but also pay attention to the use of comparative method to research.The full text of the four parts of the Introduction, body,conclusion and references, which the body is divided into four parts.The first part is an introduction, focusing on the domestic and foreign scholars to study the status of this topic, significance and innovation of this paper.Body composed of three chapters:The first chapter introduces:the proletarians after Servius reform was excluded from the national power system during Roman monarchy. After the establishment of the Republic, the deterioration of the situation of civilians, many civilians were under debt slavery coercion, the number of proletarians surge, triggered civilians and noble struggle. The struggle between the two sides ended in a compromise with each other. The last two centuries of the Republic (in the Second Punic War boundaries), a large majority of small farmers bankrupt in Rome massive expansion in the background, they and the original Lumpenproletariat combined together to form lumpenproletariat. The extreme poverty of the lumpenproletariat, parasitic and profit-driven, caused tremendous damage to the Roman society. However, due to the special nature of Roman society, they were able to share the great wealth which Rome plundered province residents and exploited slave class.The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the formation of the lumpenproletariat, mainly from the economic, military, political, social and cultural changes, the wealthy class occupy a lot of land, and due to the long military service and the impact of a large number of low-priced grain from provinces, a large number of small farmers go bankrupt, the bankrupt farmers in the competition of slave labor are difficult to find a job; on the other hand, relying on military conquest, Rome has accumulated a lot of wealth, have the ability to remedy these bankrupt farmes; Rome’s wealthy class also provide them with financial assistance in order to obtain votes and thugs; while the Roman tradition moral turpitude, Greece hedonism prevalence, making upper-class pursuit pleasure, lower classes despise labor. Bankruptcy farmers are receptive state and private relief, willing to live this kind of parasitic idleness. Various factors formed lumpenproletariat.The third chapter discusses the impact of the lumpenproletariat, is focus of this article. Trying to restore the Roman peasant class Gracchus brothers reforms ultimately failed, it was positively correlated with lumpenproletariat ultimate betrayal; Marius military reform directly absorbed lumpenproletariat into the army, the nature of the Roman army began to change; Sura led military assault Rome, marking the Roman army completely change the nature. Relying on the military, Sura established dictatorship, he established a regime of declaring public enemy, to expand the living space of lumpenproletariat. Impoverished economy determined their mercenary, they sold their votes and fists, political activity began to appear frequently violence, Roman electoral system is also easier to be manipulated, the traditional constitutional system was crumbling. Lumpenproletariat exacerbated the confusion of Rome situation, and lumpenproletariat of troops were loyal to their generals who provided material benefits for them, became the cornerstone of the military dictatorship, and finally directly use military means to subvert the Republic. Although they are unconscious, but the objective has contributed to this result.The third part is the conclusion, Author summarized this paper and on the basis of deepening the theme.The article tries to use lumpenproletariat, to explore the late period of the history of the Republic. Roman with military means built a huge empire, but let the subject of Roman citizens-a lot of small farmers became lumpenproletariat. The bankruptcy of small farmers as the main lumpenproletariat used a unique means to defend their rights, and gave birth to the monarchy, Roman Republic evoluted Roman Empire.