Study On The Supply System And The Operational Mechanism Of The Agricultural Production Water

Influenced by the traditional planned economy system, the agricultural production water has been solely supplied by the nation (government) or the collectivity since a long time ago in our country. There are mainly two financing channels for the agricultural water supply: the investment of the government or collectivity and the funds into which the farmers' labor is converted. The former is principal and the latter is subordinate. There were some flaws in the course of the operation and management of the agricultural water supply, for example ambiguous property rights, missing owner, and jumbled obligation, power and benefit. And it was the planned dictate and the administrative command that played an important role in the operation of the agricultural water supply. Therefore, low efficiency in water supply, poor use of the irrigation works, irrigators having no incentive to save water became prevalent. As a result, there is a great waste in agricultural water resources.The early management system and operational mechanism of rural water conservancy can't meet the requirements of the efficient use of agriculture irrigation water and of the healthy development of rural water conservancy as the conflict between the supply and demand of agricultural water resources went worse and the socialism market economy system comes into being step by step. They should be reformed urgently. So, in the supply mechanism of the agricultural production water and the operation and management of the establishment of the farmland water conservancy, with the principle of "making clear of ownership, unloosening the operation right ", it is necessary to involve varied suppliers to have access to the field of water supply in agricultural production, and to encourage the farmers and its organizations to participate irrigation management, so as to make the efficient operators in charge of the operation right of water supply. These measures will make the operation forms become various and flexible and make management system become normative and ordered. Moreover, by virtue of the system of modern enterprise, we should gradually set up the lifeful management system andoperational mechanism of water conservancy, which should be according with the situation of our country and water resources and should be fitting for the requirements of the socialism market economy.Based on the explanation of the organizational structure, the management system and the operational mechanism of different water suppliers, this paper discusses from two aspects that are who will supply the water and how to do it. And the aim is to design a set of efficient institutions for water supply in agricultural production, though comparing the differences of the operating behaviors and performance among different water suppliers. Furthermore, it brings forward some optimizing measures to the institutions' operation in order to improve the efficiency and benefits of the water supply, and strengthen irrigator's incentive to save water. It offers guide for realizing the efficient supply of agricultural water under the situation of the changeless of the present amount of agricultural water.This paper includes six main parts:Part one is the introduction. It simply explains this paper's research background, significance, research developments, method system, innovation and shortcomings of the research.Part two is illuminations on the basic characteristics of the agricultural production water and its supply. This paper defines the connotation of agricultural production water and the meaning of its supply in research. In this paper, when it comes to agricultural production water, it means only agricultural irrigation water or farmland irrigation water. This paper analyses the attributes of agricultural production water, which contain commodity property, scarcity, the mixing attributes of production characteristics and social property. It also analyses the basic properties of agricultural production water supply, which include regional monopolization and small supply elasticity.Part there is analyses of the transformation and comparison of the agricultural water supply system. In the first place, this paper points that defining types of the agricultural water suppliers is based on the differentadscription of operating rights of water supply system, which means it is relied on the real operators. In the second place, the paper particularly introduces the water supply system before and after reformation, and introduces the trend of the variety of agricultural water suppliers, which includes national water supplying, collectivity water supplying, individual water supplying, water supplying company water supplying, water using association water supplying and so on. And meanwhile, the paper analyses the organization and management system of water suppliers and the meaning of these different suppliers. At last, according to the theory of institutional transformation, from the aspects of causes and styles of transformation, this paper analyses simply the transformation from one type of water supply system to several types.Part four is the operational mechanism of the agricultural water supplying. This paper summarizes the operating mechanisms and performances of different water suppliers (nation, collectivity, individual, water supplying company and water using association), which includes financing mechanism, operating mechanism, pricing mechanism and their respective problems or performances.Part five is the selection and optimization of the supply system. In different perspectives, the paper analyses the applicable conditions of different water suppliers and puts forward some optimizing measures, especially the suggestions to change the primary rigescent management system.Part six is the optimization of the operational mechanism of agricultural water supplying. This paper brings forward some measures focusing on financing mechanism, operating mechanism, pricing mechanism respectively. In the end, it is pointed that the government should exert properly its management and regulating functions, and supervise the operation of different agricultural water suppliers efficiently.