Study On The Problem Of Utilizing Effectively Agricultural Water Resource Of The Northwest Of Our Country

The water resource shortage in the Northwest has already become bottleneck restraining development of the Northwest of our country and even national economy.One that is with water resource shortage in tune is, but the agricultural water efficiency of the northwest area lacking of water of our country is very low, poor efficiency of agricultural water resource is by aggravating water resource shortage.Of our country the Northwest lies in " Asia-Europe Transcontinental Bridge "and "west Longhai economy area ",vast in territory. The agricultural resource is abundant. The cultivated area accounts for 38.1% of the national total cultivated area, the area of grassland accounts for 97.8% of area of grassland of the whole country, the area of forest land accounts for 52.1% of area of forest land of the whole country, it is our country main agricultural product that produce ground, it is agriculture that develop most potential area. The agricultural planting's department specializing in irrigating has been the important industry's department of the national economy in the Northwest all the time, it had even been a subject of the national economy in the Northwest for a time in the past, direct consequence its the Northwest irrigate farmland area too big, farmland construction level low, agricultural farming technique extensive, low, of poor benefits per unit area yield nowadays, and has irrigated agriculture and already reached the surprising stage to the consumption of the limited, valuable water resource. The statistics show, the agricultural irrigation of the Northwest accounts for 90% of water consumption in the whole area with water at present, and the water for industrial use and proportion of taking the water consumption in the whole area of urban residents domestic water are still less than 10%. The Northwest of our country becomes our country and even one of the areas which is short of most water of Eurasia.The resource type question of lack of water of the Northwest has already become the main restriction factor of regional sustainable development. Only control and irrigate the consumption to the water resource of agriculture effectively, has changed the low agricultural water benefit, could really set up rational scientific regional industrial structure taking water resources utilization as the centre of the Northwest, improve the comprehensive benefit of the whole regional water resources utilization, dispel the poor origin in the Northwest finally.Cause the Northwest agricultural water money utilization efficiency low deep reasoncurrent water structural defect , right of system at present, water-saving incentive mechanism and avoiding the tied mechanism or scarce that the water resource waste. Because the property right of water resource is unclear, the economic subject regards water resource as " public resources " that can be taken freely, unable to stimulate water family is it pay close attention to cost and income of water resources utilization to get on from personal economic benefits, fail according to M C (marginal cost) =M R (marginal benefit ) confirm principle pour water just when,can't arouse there aren't user fully, use water-saving technology , improve the enthusiasm which irrigates the way , therefore cause the quote and enormous excessivlying of the water resource to waste. That is to say, if our country's current water right system does not carry on the basic change , only by improve consciousness of saving water of people and expand limited water resource is it can not solve the Northwest present agricultural utilization efficiency low to ask water resource fundamentally to supply with Question. From the point of view of economics, the effective way of improving the resource utilization ratio is to carry on the property relations reform, through appropriate formal system and unofficial to is it take shape the water-saving incentive mechanism and avoid the tied mechanism that the water resource waste to arrange, lead the water subject to improve the utilization ratio of the specific agricultural water resource in the Northwest. This has been all verified no matter in practice of the economic system reform theoretically or in our country. This text thinks the effective use question of the agricultural water resource in the Northwest in terms of system changes, namely it is a piece of extensive system changes and course of system innovation to move towards the modern water-saving society from the extensive society of traditional water, turn high utility new course of system of water to from one old system that waste water, Consciousness of saving water and idea establish , economize on water invest not to increase by a large margin in an all-round way, water-saving technology popularize on a large scale, may happen only under a valid system frame , ability is the course naturally too, but not government's compulsory result. The full text is divided into the following four major parts altogether: First part (introduction , chapter two), as the introduction of this text, describes the current situations of our country's present water resource crisis and agricultural water resources utilization of the Northwest of our country at first, has analyzed the economics reason the agricultural water resource utilization efficiency in the Northwest is low withoutside of the water resource and public article attribute .Second part , has explained that improves the meaning of the agricultural water resource utilization efficiency in the Northwest, appraises domestic two kinds of water right trade modes afoot of the Northwest (mode and Ningxia , the Inner Mongol of Zhangye circulating " make the investment to economize on water inside agriculture, practice on change water right" turn agriculture with water to industry peaceful to cover with the mode ), proposes water-saving agriculture must build system , carries on the innovation of the right system of agricultural water, thus draws the system analysis of the next chapter.The third part, analyses current water defect, right of system , introduces foreign water often square type, uses the experience of the right system reform of foreign agricultural water for reference, arranges from agricultural water right distribution system , water right trade system , water right supervisory system and agricultural water price incentive mechanism framework the Northwest agricultural ink right system.The fourth part , how to keep the high-efficient sustainable utilization of this kind of most key natural assets of agricultural water resource a kind of important strategic problem needing solving in the evolution of the Northwest. The water right system implementing being can be traded at first is an inevitable choice, dispose and use the principle on the option market to design the right futures of agricultural water to the Northwest agricultural water right of our country on this basis, propose innovating the trade intermediary and media of exchange, reduce the transaction cost. Meanwhile, from legislate, technology, policy,etc. respect is it form a complete set to coordinate, formal water right system is it arrange to support each other with unofficial ink right system to arrange, the macroscopic and microcosmic mutually combine , realize the high-efficient use of the agricultural water resource in the Northwest in system changes.