Technical Efficiency Measurement And Its Application Based On Directional Technology Distance Function

The studies of technical efficiency measurement judge the effective degree of the specific technological course and seek the reasons leading to the corresponding results through analyzing the conversion efficiency from the inputs to the outputs. It can be used to help improving the efficiency of utilization of resources, elevating the production level and promoting the development of social economy, so it is of great theoretic and realistic importance.Traditional methods of technical efficiency measurement include parametric method and the non-parametric DEA based on radial technology distance function mainly. Parametric method needs to confirm the form of production function in advance, which can't meet the essential requirements of objectivity and optimization of the frontier, deal with the problems with multi-input and multi-output inconveniently as well. Though non-parametric DEA based on radial technology distance function avoids the above shortcomings, it can only measure the radial reduction of the inputs or augment of the outputs under the certain terms in output or input. In practice, the request of the radial approach to frontiers always can't be satisfied. At the same time it is improper to carry on analysis only from the single angle of input or output. This thesis expounds the theoretical foundation and the basic principles of non-parametric DEA based on directional technology distance function, which can consider input and output synthetically and choose the projectiondirection according to the needs randomly. So it broadens the range of technical efficiency measurement's application.In addition, this thesis probes into the concept and the economic meanings of returns to scale and disposability. It also provides the expressions under the combinations of the different states of returns to scale and disposability. Based on this it presents the method of decomposition of technical efficiency measurement under the meaning of total factory productivity and the discrimination rules of the technically efficient. Decomposing synthetically technical efficiency into scale efficiency, disposable efficiency and purely technical efficiency can identify the inherent factors causing the inefficiency of the decision making units and put forward the corresponding improvement method more clearly and practically.Finally, this thesis selects 15 retail companies in China listed in Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange to make real example analysis and gets the satisfying analysis results. It also advances the relevant suggestions for Chinese retail companies about how to raise technical efficiency, strengthen the competitive power, and tackle the forceful challenges of foreign capital retailers.