| Vespa basalis Smith refers to Insecta and Vespidae species which belongs to Hymenoptera.It mainly distributes abroad in India, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Sikkim, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Indonesiaet al..In China, Yunnan, Fujian, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Taiwan are the main distributed regions[1,2]. Vespa is now mainly used for food and medicinal purposes, only a small portion for bollworm (Heliothis armigera Hubner) and other biological control of lepidopteran pests[3]. In recent years, wasp harm becoming more serious and Vespa basalis is one of the main types of sting wasps in mainland China.For better resource utilization of wasps and gradually control the occurrence of the sting event,this research based on the group conducted field observations and shift wasp nest rearing, combined with automatic amino acid analysis, EAG response, "Y"-tube olfactometer bioassay techniques and methods to study the base Vespa’s life history, habits, nutrients. Meanwhile, this experiment preliminary explored the 12 kinds of plant volatiles to Vespa basalis which were attractant or repellent. The main conclusions are as follows:1. Vespa basalis of Ya’an beginning sting out activities in early May each year. The most productive period of growth in August and September and the drone began in late September. The peak time of mating is November and mated females chose a sunny day at the end of the month gradually left from nest to find a places for hibernation.2. Daily activity time of Vespa basalis was between 7:00 to 20:00, while 12:00-13:00 was the feeding and nesting rates fastigium. Mainly feeding foods included grasshoppers, katydids and other parts of insects, as well as vegetables and fruits. They were to omnivorous insects and had honey behaviours. There are different responsibilities for different individuals, which included feeding, cleaning up the nest chamber, nest predation security and defense work, which showed a strong defensive ability. Attendance activity influenced by different weather conditions, attendance up to the most number in sunny days, while the minimum in rainy days. The main trees for nesting were eucalyptus, maple, poplar, etc.., The outer colour of the nest is dark brown and sit on the top of trees which improved the security. Reconstruction rate in October and November was higher than that in July and August, which may related to mated females.3. Contents of amino acids in 3 kinds developmental stages of Vespa basalis were high, rich and comprehensivewhich included 18 kinds of amino acid species, essential and semi-essential amino acid. The protein content of three kinds developmental stages were over 50%, of which adults’ up to 71.07%, which can be used for high-quality protein foods. The fat content was about 17.22%-29.01%, lower than the common beef, mutton fat and the fatty acid composed ideally. More specifically, it has nutrition and health care values for people because enriched essential fatty acidslinolenic acid and linoleic acid rich.4. Antennal electrophysiological responses and olfactory behavioral responses of wasp on 12 kinds of volatile oilswere measured. The results showed that:the same plant volatile oil, the higher the concentration, the stronger its electrophysiological responses; the same concentration, the highest EAG was volatile oils of Zingiber officinale, the smallest was Jasminum sambac. There were five kinds of volatile oils among 12 showed attractant effect, luring rates in the order:Eucalyptus> Osmanthus fragrans> Melissa Officinalis> Jasminum sambac> Common Thyme; seven kinds of plant volatile oils showed repellent effect, repellent rates in the order:Prunus persica> Litsea cubeba> Mentha haplocalyx> Lavandula pedunculata> Mosla chinensis> Cymbopogon citrates. Through preliminary screening, Eucalyptus volatile oil can be used as the attractant for Vespa basalis, Prunus persica, Litsea cubeba, Mentha haplocalyx, Zingiber officinale volatile oils can be further studied as a repellent substance. |
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