Ring-opening Reaction Of Epoxide To Prepare Novel Surfactants

There are comprehensive surfactants that they can be used in different fields.Three kinds of surfactants are studied in this paper.(1) Gemini surfactant which is anew type of surfactant has been developed in nineties of twentieth century. Itpossesses at least two hydrophilic groups and two long-chain alkyl groups which maycontain eight to twelve carbons. Gemini surfactant has been paid attention and studieddue to the special molecular structure and excellent properties.(2) Alkanolaminesurfactants, among them alkanolamide and esterquats are two kinds of very importantalkanolamine surfactants, which have been widely applied in the fields of cosmeticsand textile auxiliaries. But they are normally prepared at higher temperture and harshreaction conditions.(3) Polyglyceryl fatty acid ester, which is an environment friendlynonionic comb surfactants. Their synthesis process should be carried out at hightemperature of approaching200℃and the degrees of the polymerization and theesterification are polydisperse.In this paper, using ring-opening reaction of epoxide, the glycol diglycidyl ether,octadecyl glycidyl ether and hydroxyl terminated polyepichlorohydrin weresynthesized, then taking advantage of these intermediates materials to prepare threekinds of surfactants at lower temperature:(1) Gemini anionic surfactant withbis-octadecyl and bis-sulfate ester sodium bis-octadecyl and bis-sulfate ester sodiumrespectively (2) N-substituted long-chain alkanolamine and its hydrochloride cationicsurfactants which are similar to the structures of alkanolamide and esterquats,(3)block polyglyceryl fatty alcohol ether (PGAE) non-ionic surfactant which was similarto the structure of the comb polyglyceryl fatty acid ester.For these Gemini surfactants and N-substituted long-chain alkanolamidesurfactants, their surface active properties and application properties werecharacterized and the factors that affect the HLB value of long-chain alkylpolyglyceryl ether surfactant were investigated. The results show that comparing withthe traditional single-chain carboxylic sodium salt and sulfate ester sodium surfactants,Gemini surfactants with double alkyl and double carboxylic sodium (DADC) anddouble alkyl and double sodium sulfate (DADS) have higher surface activity andmore excellent application performance. Also dialkyl monoethanolamine salt (D-MEAS) possesses the excellent surface active property and lime-soap dispersionability. Dialkyl monoethanolamine (D-MEA) has better foaming ability and foamingstability. The wetting ability of monoalkyl diethanolamine (M-DEA) and theemulsifying property of monoalkyl diethanolamine salt (M-DEAS) are prominent.The polymerization degree of hydroxyl terminated polyepichlorohydrin can be used toadjuste the HLB values of the PGAE. The HLB values of the PGAE was5.5-8.4whenthe polymerization degree of hydroxyl terminated polyepichlorohydrin was8-12.