Study On Indoor Air Quality At Rural Houses And Urban Buildings In Severe Cold Region

The winter is long and cold in severe cold region in China, and the heating period lasts for six months in winter. Coal is widely used in the centralized heating system in urban buildings, while straw is the main material for cooking and heating at rural houses, which may release many pollutants and result in poor air quality. Besides, the poor air quality resulting from the bad weather lead to adverse effects on people’s life and health.A field study was carried out through the continuous monitoring at rural houses during the heating period in winter. The result shows that the main pollutants at rural houses in cold regions were PM2.5, PM10, CO, CO2, SO2and NOX. A comparison was made between the results gained by means of gray relational comprehensive evaluation and fuzzy evaluation. The gray relational comprehensive evaluation was better than the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Through expert evaluation method, the relative importances among indoor thermal environment parameters were determined, and so does the relative importance between thermal environment and indoor air quality. The indoor environment evaluation system on rural houses was establishedA field study was also carried out through the continuous monitoring at urban residential and office buildings during the heating period in winter.Throughout the non-heating period, the monthly mean concentrations of HCHO, CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, NH3and TVOC at urban apartments were below the national standard, while PM2.5and PM10fluctuated around the value of national standards. On the contrary, during the heating period, the concentrations of indoor pollutants generally exceeded the standard value. Meanwhile, during cooking a continuous monitoring was tested and found that fumes emitted during cooking were related with the concentrations of TVOC, HCHO, CO and CO2, but not obviously.The results show that during the non-heating period, the month mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, HCHO, CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, NH3and TVOC in office buildings in Harbin were met the requirement of Chinese national standards. By contrast, during the heating season, the concentrations of PM2.5and PM10were exceeded the national standards, while CO2and CO met the standards. Besides, HCHO, TVOC, NH3is basically far below the national standard value.The indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM2.5and PM10show significant correlation by means of linear correlation analysis.