Research On Hypolipidemic Effects And Mechanism Of Ficus Pumila L Seeds Pectin

In this paper, the pectin was obtained by aqueous-ethanol precipitation from Ficus pumila L seeds which as the raw materials. The research on hypolipidemic effects and mechanism of Ficus pumila L seeds pectin in rats was by chemical analysis, instrument analysis and animal experiment, which provide basic theoretical for food industry. The main conclusions of the research are as follows:1.Through the determination of the pectin found:the colour of pectin was cream, the purity was95.68%, the degree of esterification was39.87%, it belonged to low ester pectin and had the ability to adsorp fat and cholesterol, the amount of adsorp unsaturated fat was1.23g/g, saturated fat was2.01g/g and cholesterol was3.61mg/g.2.Hypolipidemic effects of Ficus pumila L seeds pectin in ovariectomized ratsTwenty-four healthy female SD rats were randomly assigned into four groups based on body weight:eight rats were sham-ovariectomized as sham control and the other three groups were double ovariectomized. One week later, ovariectomized rats were divided as OVX control group (OVX-CN), Ficus Pumila L.Seeds Pectin group(FPLP) and Citrus Pectin group(CP). Four weeks later, tested relevant indicators. Compared with sham control group, rats in OVX-CN decreased HDL-C level, increased plasma TC, TG, LDL-C, AI and the concentrations of hepatic fat, cholesterol and triacylglycerol. the indicators about plasma lipid and the concentrations of hepatic fat had significantly changed to compare with their control group. Rats in pectin increased plasma HDL-C level, decreased TG, LDL-C, AI and the concentrations of hepatic fat, cholesterol and triacylglycerol. Besides, plasma HDL-C, AI and the concentrations of hepatic fat had significantly changed to compare with OVX-CN, Rats in pectin group also increased the content of fat, bile acid and neutral sterol in feces. The experiment indicates pectin can be effective in preventing hyperlipidemia female rats caused by lacking of estrogen. The mechanism may be to reduce the absorption of dietary fat, increase the excretion of neutral sterol and bile acid in feces. At the same time, fodder with pectin increased cecal content, cecal issue, percent of water of cecal content, the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA), the quantity of probiotic bacteria and the proportion of probiotic and harmful bacteria, and decreased the free ammonia of cecum contents. The experiment proved pectin could improve the fermentation performance and intestinal environment in ovariectomized rats.3.Hypolipidemic and intestinal environment effects of Ficus pumila L seeds pectin of high-fat diet in female ratsTwenty-four healthy female SD rats were randomly assigned into five groups based on body weight after feed adaptively for one week:normal control group, model control group, low-dose group, middle-dose group, high-dose group, pectin content in the feed is0,0,5%,10%,15%for each group. During the period of experiment, model control group appeared the following pathological symptoms:the hair was dim and sparse, inactive, depressive, diarrheic. In comparison with control group, model control group decreased food intake, increased body weight gain and the efficiency of fodder signally, and also increased plasma TC, TG, LDL-C and the concentrations of hepatic fat, cholesterol and triacylglycerol markedly, and liver biopsy appeared large fat particles, abdominal tissue appeared white fat. the pathological symptoms was eased after adding pectin to the high-fat diet, food intake, the speed of growth, the concentrations of hepatic fat were all increased drastically except the indicators about plasma lipid almost were not changed. the concentrations of hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol had the tendency to increase, rats in high-dose group increasd these significantly, and rats in middle-dose group increasd the concentrations of triacylglycerol significantly. The accumulation of the large fat particles in liver biopsy and white fat in abdominal tissue was increasd. the changes of high-fat diet in rats were positively correlated with the dose of pectin. Pectin also increased the volume of feces, promoted the excretion of fat, cholesterol and triacylglycerol in feces, reduced the apparent absorption of fat of high-fat diet in rats.In comparison with control group, rats in model control group decreased the villus height, increased crypt depth, and reduced V/C value signally, the cecal tissue, cecal content and the concentrations of SCFA were not significantly changed. fodder with pectin increased cecal content, cecal issue, percent of water of cecal content and the concentrations of SCFA. besides, the villus height and V/C value were drastically increased, the low dose of pectin reduced crypt depth while others doses of pectin increased crypt depth, rats in low dose of pectin had the biggest V/C value.The result shows that high-fat diet reduced the normal food intake of female rats, induced the hyperlipidemia, changed the intestinal morphology, decresed the digestion and absorption of intestine, affected the normal growth of rats and appeared pathological phenomena. the pathological symptoms was eased after adding pectin to the high-fat diet. However, It had not obvious hypolipidemic effects while increased the accumulation of hepatic fat and abdominal abdominal, which were positively correlated with the dose of pectin. Pectin could also change the intestinal morphology and promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients, which the low-dose group was the best for affecting the function of intestinal mucosa.