Anthropogenic Air Pollutant Emissions In The Yangtze River Delta Region

The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is experiencing complex and serious primary and secondary air pollution issues in recent years. Rapid growth of industries, transportation, and urbanization has become the major environmental driving force for the deterioration of urban and regional air quality. Therefore, the quantification and temporal and spatial distribution of anthropogenic air pollutant emissions will be fundamental to the understanding of air pollutant emission levels, forecasting air quality status, and guiding air pollutant control strategies.In this study, anthropogenic emission sources were classified into4th level. Then two databases of activity information and emission factors were established based on a set of methods, involving the classification system, widely literature and yearbook research, and the latest developments of processing technique and pollution control technologies.An inventory of anthropogenic air pollutant emissions in the YRD region with high temporal and spatial resolutions was developed based on the above work. Results show that the emissions of SO2、NOx、PM10、PM2.5、BC、CC、VOC and NH3in the YRD region for the year of2008are3772.61kt、3709.55kt、2335.65kt、1260.23kt、102.09kt、9280.37kt、2659.59kt and718.42kt respectively. Power plants and other industrial combustion sources contribute39%and42%of SO2 emission, and42%and23%of NOx emission. Power plants and industrial process sources of mineral products and steel manufacturing contribute23%and56%of PMio emission, and also take up18%and56%of PM2.5emission. The industrial combustion and road transport sources comprised34%and38%of BC emissions. The fugitive sources of oil refining, chemical products and industrial use of paint and solvent are responsible for58%of the total VOCs emission. NH3emission mainly comes from the sources of livestock feeding and N-fertilizer application, which occupied66%and27%, respectively.Second, a spatial and temporal allocation approach was established to study the characteristics of anthropogenic pollutant emissions in the YRD region by utilizing the Geographic Information System (GIS). The results illustrated that high emissions mainly concentrate in the cities like Nanjing, Zhanjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou and north part of Shanghai, which are along the downstream of the Yangtze River and cities surrounding the Hangzhou Bay like Ningbo, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing and south part of Shanghai. There were obvious differences in diurnal and monthly variations of power, industry and residential department, weekly variation of transportation department, and seasonal variation of crop residues burnt in the open air.The emission inventory in this study still has high uncertainties which due to the lacking of high resolution activity information and local emission factors. In addition, a "real time dynamic" emission inventory will be the developing direction in the future. Therefore, more fundamental studies on local emission sources and real-time monitoring technology are needed to improve in the future.