The Effect Of Foreign Trade To Environmental Pollution In China

Since1990s, the issue of international trade and environment has aroused more and more attention. Environmentalists and supporters of trade have disputed for years over the environmental impact of international trade. In china, as one of three carriages, foreign trade made enormous contribution for promoting the economic and improving people’s lives. But meanwhile the serious environmental pollution caused by the long-term extensive trade growth pattern has been aggravated. In the current context of global concern about climate change, how to weigh the balance of the trade benefits and costs of environment, to transform the development mode of trade, to promote the harmonious development of trade and environment become a task of environmentalists and policy-makers. Trades between countries are often accompanied by "reverse flowing" of environmental cost, so similar with the volume of trade; environmental cost also has "surplus" and "deficit". This imbalance would be much more pronounced especially when it occurs between developed country and developing country. Because of looser circumstance standards, it is easier for developing country to become ecological "deficit" country. As the largest developing country in the word, whether China’s foreign trade assumed ecological deficit is worthy of our consideration. This paper tends to measure whether China take extra environment cost for trade partners via calculate the pollution emissions of industry sectors in foreign trade.The full-text is divided into five chapters. The first part of the chapter is the introduction. The main topics of this chapter are the background and research significance, and make a note on the point of innovation and shortage. Chapter two is the literature review. This paper review the literature from research status of the environmental impact of international trade and research status of Chinese foreign trade’s environmental effect, which reveal the debate of the issue between trade and environment and pave a way for the following theoretical and empirical analysis. The third chapter is the article’s theoretical basis. Firstly, it explain the root of trade and environment issue which is externality; then structure a general equilibrium model which contain the environment element; at last, we expound international prolusion transfer with international trade as a carrier, which emphasize the embodies pollution emission which easily ignored and do theoretical basis for calculating the industries’import and export pollutant load. In Chapter four, using the input-output method, measuring with three industrial wastes, the dissertation has assessed the environmental costs in the form of trade-embodied pollution emission. Then according to the consequence, we analysis the total pollutant emission of industries、BEET、PTT and the industry distribution of pollution emissions. The last chapter the conclusions of the paper, in the consideration of weighing trade gains and environmental costs, the dissertation has presented some policy suggestions to promote the coordinated development of trade and environment in China from international, national and industrial perspectives respectively.Based on the2007input-out table, through theoretical and empirical analysis, the full text made the following conclusions. First of all, the root of environmental issues caused by trade is externality, by constructing and analyzing general equilibrium model involved with environmental factors, we figured out that since developing nations have comparative advantage to pollution-intense products and may lead to pollution influx due to lower environment standard, while developed nations with higher environment standard will import those products and make pollutions flow out. Second, in calculating pollution flow during the process of international trade, implicit pollution may count as important or even major part. Third, according to input-output analysis, and base on total pollution from24industries analyzed in the article, our country has industrial wastewater and industrial waste gas net influx due to foreign trade, we taking a large portion of industrial wastewater and waste gas pollution for foreign countries. Our country is in ecological deficit on industrial solid waste. Forth, on industrial based level, pollution in our industrial foreign trade has a significant characteristic in industry concentration, however, due to different characteristics among industries, contend and portion of pollution differs. In optimizing structure of import and export industry, we need take care on pollution of each pollutant in order to decrease environmental cost generally.