From The Collective Welfare To The State Support: The Logic Of The Change Byrural Five Security

Since the 1950s, to take good care of self-dependent people with their labor-capability mostly or totally lost, such as the old, the weak, the disable and the lonely, Chinese government has been dong its best to provide them, by the production group, the production brigade and the village collective, with a properly arranged life where basic life-supplication is enough, the kids have their chance to get educated and everything is well done after their death. In 2006, the government brought "five guarantees" carried out in rural area, into the system of public finance, giving a systematic guarantee for it. Besides, this move is also the turning symbol of the system"five guarantees"from collective welfare to state-supplied.The paper, borrowing analytic framework of small-scale peasant, examined the transforming history diachronically in the devolving light of production-socialization. In this paper, the developing history of"five guarantees"was divided into two stages, four periods based on sources of the fund and its responsible subjects. The first chapter is the collective welfare, the stage of moral relief in traditional production time. The second chapter is the national support, the stage of s systematic guarantee in socialized production era. From the two chapters above, here comes the conclusion that the hidden logic of its turning from the collective welfare to the state-supplied. At the very beginning of New China, the"five guarantees"was still obtained in the stage of moral relief in traditional production time. The fundamental reason for it was that collective working actually was the magnified domestic laboring, and the five-protect door was selected under the influence of local costumes. In spite of the collapse of the people's commune, the performance of dividing farmland to household, and the implementation of over-all planning of township, the sources of its fund were farmers, and therefore, the"five guarantees"in this stage still belonged to collective welfare. With the deepening socialization of agricultural production, the farming costs of villagers got continuously increased, and the risks of social (market) were difficult to predict, which led to limited monetary income. As a result, the charge system, like township's over-all arrangement, was out of date. In order to solve the problem, the central government has carried out the reform of agricultural taxation and in sequence, has also abolished this taxation, making the"five guarantees"totally sate-supplied.