The Evolution Mechanism Of Informal Employment In Upgrading Of Industrial Clusters Background

The block economic of Zhejiang Province is well developed, but it is not a strict sense of the cluster, as the interior is composed of many small and medium enterprises, even lots of family workshops, which constitute the whole industrial chain. In addition, the participation of a large number of migrant workers is also a feature of the economy of Zhejiang block. In the context of transformation and upgrading of industrial clusters, the development of migrant workers within the family workshop become an important manifestation of success. View of the cottage that the migrant workers in informal employment (IEM) groups, so this paper, in the perspective of informal employment to explore the evolution of this group direction and development. To distinguish the foreign migrant workers and the represented by groups and workshops as the representative of the family groups within the different characteristics, this article will be divided into clusters within the input type of IEM and IEM two spontaneously.Firstly, describing the cause of input-IEM from the system of encourage migration, the system of household registration constraints and the income gap of urban and rural three aspect, this paper draws that, the main role of input-IEM is farmers, who works in city from country because the population movement restrictions lifted state regulations and allow farmers to town to settle down. Therefore, the first element of the formation of the input-IEM is the system's restruction. However, the farmer workers can't enjoy the same benefits and treatment like the urban residents. From the civil service recruitment examination requirements and requirements of enterprises, paper analyzes obtained, the household registration system constraints, making it very difficult to obtain a regular work of farmers, they only can be marginalized by informal employment. Moreover, with economic growth and further expand the income gap between urban and rural areas, farmers are severely exploited in the same time, or continue to flow to the cities, and towns simply are not enough jobs to meet the workers, which also caused farmers to enter the city after can only be engaged in informal employment. The IEM form spontaneously within the cluster main factors, the paper attributed to the following three aspects:1, the system encourages the development of individual economy. Along with the private economy in China certainly "legal" status, individual businesses and the rise across the country, led the crowd in informal employment explosive growth.2, the state-owned enterprise reform. Release large amounts of state-owned enterprise reform, labor, the labor force can not be re-employed in informal enterprises, with a certain amount of experience and skills, they also become a member of IEM.3, low labor costs and opening up. IEM class because of low-cost family workshops and flexibility, along with the deepening of opening up, they undertake a large number of foreign orders, which in turn promotes the development of family workshops.Secondly, this combination of national industrial structural adjustment policies, industrial policy and regional support cluster upgrading policy changes, analyzed and drawn:1, the industrial structure adjustment and transformation and upgrade of the cluster impact most on IEM of the spontaneous type. Evolution of technological advances which will appear early polarization of IEM, which is still selected IEM or transition to formal employment; resource integration based on the spontaneous evolution of IEM is divided into three types:first, cooperation and mergers between them; second, leave the IEM group and enter into the formal enterprises; third, the changes within the IEM (may appear to be changing in the industry.) 2, the system evolution of the main impact of imported IEM, there will be a small reduction in their number and the mobility of labor is also more rational.3, with the economic and social development, IEM will be self-evolution, specific performance like:the income of non-regular employment and welfare enhancing, low-end IEM to the development of high-end, the transition between high-end IEM and informal employment, part of the IEM are being eliminated into the unemployed.Then, select Cixi City as a case study, through the research obtained that 1, cluster of migrant workers engaged in secondary industries, which different with migrant workers in cities (the migrant workers in city engaged in the third industry).2, the income of family workshops is much higher than other IEM and their social status is not less than formal employment.3, there is a close contact between the formal economy and informal economy, which as the representative of the family workshops and small enterprises. In addition, the papere stimates the scale of informal employment of CiXi city, obtained that the informal economy accounts for about 30% of the overall economy, which also means the scale of the IEM accounted for more than 30%of the overall population.Finally, the paper points out that the transformation and upgrading of industrial clusters to take into account the development of informal employment, and put forward to promote the development and evolution of informal employment policies and proposals.