Study On The Fragmentation And Productivity Of Farmland In Henan Province

The phenomenon of Land Fragmentation in China has a long history, it is a comprehensive phenomenon formed by the system, economy, population, geography, technology and the influence of various factors. In our country since 1978, implement the household contract responsibility system, effectively combine the efficiency and fairness, arouse the enthusiasm of farmers, liberating the productive forces and greatly promoted the development of agricultural production, the agricultural modernization obtain remarkable achievements. But in our country, under the condition of a large number of agricultural population, land equal distribution lead to further deepen fragmentation. Farmers cultivated several blocks of lands, although it has many rationalities such as evading natural and market price risk, making full use of labor etc, but the drawbacks of fragmentation increasingly expose with the development of production. For example, it causes of arable land waste, obstructs the use of advanced machines and increases production cost, etc. Along with our country join the WTO, foreign agricultural products enter into the domestic market , many farmers will suffer huge impact. The comparative-effectiveness of agriculture will become lower and lower. Only if the cultivated land has a moderate scale operation, we can Improve labor productivity and the efficiency of cultivated land to deal with the fierce international competition and raise farmers' income, ensure our food security.By studying on the theories of land fragmentation, we can profoundly know the problem. This paper mainly discussed the factors of the formation of land fragmentation and the relationship between fragmentation, land system and small-scale peasant rationality. At last, the writer tried to find the way to prevent land fragmentation and make the modest scale true. Finally, an empirical research was discussed to make a concrete analysis of fragmentation and its impact of agricultural production by example of Henan province.Firstly, the writer proposed the phenomenon of land fragmentation from the present situation of land use and introduced the background, purpose and methods of the research .Secondly, the phenomenon of land fragmentation was analysed from history and reality, domestic and international. Then the writer expounds the connotation of fragmentation and the measures to discribe it. The negative effects and the rationality of the existence of land fragmentation to agriculture was introduced. The writer analysed the factors of the formation of land fragmentation and believe that the high man-land ratio in agriculture is the root cause of formation of land fragmentation. The writer mainly analyzed the relationship between land system and land fragmentation and expounds the general rule of institutional change and pointed out that China's current household contract responsibility system of farmland is the directly responsible. The writer analyzed the farmer's rational choice in the role of institutional change and the forming process of land fragmentation emphatically from the rational choice theory. And, the writer analysed the phenomenon combined with farmers's rational choice under the framework of land system. The writer proposed the moderate scale operation of cultivated land based on replacing small-scale peasant management is the inevitable trend of our country agriculture development. The writer introduced the way to curb the phenomenon of land fragmentation and the effect of land consolidation and land circulation in eliminating fragmentation.An empirical research was discussed by example of Henan province. The writer made a quantitative analysis to get the relations between fragmentation and farmland's average comprehensive output, farmers' income using multivariate linear regression model. The writer concluded that land fragmentation reduced the production efficiency of farmland, productivity and hindered the development of agricultural production. As long as the agricultural population still occupied the overwhelming majority of China's population, this phenomenon will not disappear very quickly. The change of the high man-land ratio in agriculture is not in a day, with the process of industrialization, urbanization. The direction of the land system reform should be combined with small-scale peasant rational choice and based on social equity and justice. Land system, laws, land consolidation, land transfer should be continuously improved to promote moderate scale operation in the end.