Studying The Policy China's Grain Since Reform And Opening Up

At the beginning of The People's Republic Of China was founded, the Central Government has not closed the free market of food, and the collection of public grain purchase of the government and the market are two important channels of access to food. However, with the gradual economic recovery and to carry out large-scale economic construction, the state can control the food must be affordable to its food supply between urban and rural areas of the growing gap. In order to quickly get rid of this predicament, after repeated research and discretion, the CPC Central Committee made the decision to implement the policy of grain purchase and sale generally. In summary, the core of grain purchase and sale policies include the following aspects: in addition allocated to the major areas of food, other food, including major food dispensing interval, the export of grain, grain reserves, the national motor grain, grain, and other national disaster relief, all classified central co-ordination arrangements. Food purchase and sale of long-term implementation of the policy resulted in the distortion of food prices and food production and marketing interests of all stakeholders of the imbalance, thus affecting the food producers in growing grain. Since 1978, China's reform and opening up, with the market operation mechanism in the introduction and market share of the expansion, China's grain circulation into the traditional two-track system of purchase and sale stage. But one of the two-track system of food procurement and stages defined by the content has a different view. Two-track system of food procurement is the process of institutional transformation in China's economic system to replace the endogenous purchase and sale of institutional arrangements. From the establishment, use to try out, two-track system of food procurement is basically changing market-oriented reform in the country, between producers and consumers to re-define the rights and obligations, a process that has a gradual, marginal, features such as path dependency and reversibility. Over time, people from the grain circulation system of the monorail track the transition to a market transition program has put forward different. From the actual situation, in order to meet the agricultural and rural economic strategic restructuring, and further deepen the reform of grain circulation system also has both an objective need for a realistic possibility, therefore, in dealing with the state and the market and the relationship between different stakeholders basis to further strengthen the agricultural quality standards, quality inspection and testing agricultural market information system and the system, the impact on food production and circulation of direct intervention into inventory reserves, and other means of using indirect intervention, and promote the smooth development of China's grain market. Procurement of grain at protective prices has two main policy goals, on the one hand is to stabilize the supply of domestic food production capacity, the other is to stabilize the grain to grain farmers income. Specifically, grain farmers by ensuring that income, and mobilize their enthusiasm for growing grain to stabilize grain production and ensure food supply. However, the price of food procurement policy is designed protection deficiencies, weakness of the macroeconomic situation and the implementation of the policy of grain procurement price protection body - Grain Corporation and its authorized agencies delay the reform of state-owned grain enterprises; the results of the implementation of the policy implementation not only failed to achieve the intended purpose and effect, and the huge cost of policy implementation, the country had to carry a heavy financial burden. Implementation of the minimum grain purchase price policy for six years, the policy has been in a stable food prices, increasing peasant income, macro-control services, has played a significant role, basically meeting the expectations of policy design, by the local governments at all levels and the majority of grain farmers warm welcome. However, in the face occurred in China's grain supply and demand of new situation and new changes, the current food procurement policy, a number of adverse factors and problems in the implementation of policies more prominent effect of restricting the policy fully. Therefore, further improvement and refinement in the price of food procurement policy development, credit management, financial subsidies, regulatory and other aspects of buying and selling operating measures is particularly necessary. In addition, to further deepen the grain market reform policies, gradually establish the main difference between the way of food subsidies minimum purchase price policy is imperative.