Studies On Provision Differentia Of Basic Public Services Between Central District And Peripheral Counties In Changchun

During the reform and openness period, the economy of China and the living standard of Chinese people have been developing at a high speed, which have resulted in the further requirement of the living standard. The public service level varies with each other because of the varying developmental level in different regions. Meeting the people's need and providing the basic public services are not only the important features of the government public finance, but also the foundation for the governmental financial construction to bring to play. Currently, the public services equalization has become one of the principal aims to realize the harmonious socialist society. For quite some time, the binary finance makes economy development level and the citizen revenue in the rural areas lower than the city, and also makes the rural areas confront the serious conflict brought forward by the comprehensive rapid growth of public demand and the public services shortage, so the boost of the public services equalization has become the urgent task. It has aroused the concern from the both central and local government, and from the academic circles.Now, the public services include the public facilities, medical treatment, education, environmental protection, social security and so on provided by the government financial support. According to the definition of the fundamental public services, the essay mainly explains three representative aspects which are fundamental education, public medical treatment, social security and regard them as the foundation of the study. The thesis reveals the empirical studies on basic public services equalization in Changchun City and its surrounding counties. Moreover, it shows the relative and principal component analysis of the influencing factors of the basic public services. In addition, it represents the strategic recommendations to the relative factors of basic public services equalization in Changchun City and its surrounding counties.The dissertation has been divided into five parts:Partâ… :It conveys the fundamental definition and theory of the basic public services. It mainly includes the definition of public services and the basic public services. The basic public services mean that the entire citizens are supposed to have the equal and universal public services to ensure the basic rights of the citizens. It is the type that possesses the most conspicuous feature of security and equal. That is to say that the basic public services regard the protection of the basic public services as the main purpose, equalization as the main feature, and the public resources as the main framework. The word "basic" mentioned above refers the basic education, public medical treatment, and social security. The theory related to the basic public equalization involves various aspects, such as welfare, fair and public goods, center, and periphery, etc.Partâ…¡:The paper shows the analysis of the macro economy and the basic public services provision situation. First, although the macro economy level of the Changchun City and its surrounding counties has been developing from the year 2000, the macro economy development of Changchun City has excelled all its surrounding counties in GDP, local financial revenue, citizen income according to the macro economy situation indicators of Changchun City from the year 2000 to 2009. Second, the status of basic education, public medical treatment, and the input and output of the social security within these areas could be learnt by analyzing the current status of the basic public services in the year 2009.Partâ…¢:It reveals the appropriate indicator system to make quantitative analysis of the basic public services provision status in Changchun City. First, the ten individual indicators from three aspects are selected and normalized into different index which infer that the provision standard of the basic public services in the region has been improving from 2005 to 2009, but there is still a gap in the recent five years. Second, the variation has been fluctuating during the past five years, but the gap has reduced compared to 2005 according to the basic public services variation coefficient calculated by the regional variation index from 2005 to 2009. Third, it raises the reason that the gap emerged in accordance with the current situation, which implies that the urban-rural dual structure and the finance is not graded.Partâ…£:It shows the empirical analysis of quantized factors which could affect the basic public services through the econometric model. First, the factors which influence the basic public services equalization from the standpoint of the regional economics has been found, which contain regional economy development level, fiscal capacity, financial self-sufficiency coefficient, and the financial expenditure structure. Meanwhile, the relative indexes which include per capita GDP, per capita revenue, the ratio of fiscal revenue and expenditure, and the ratio of the basic public services expenditure and the fiscal expenditure are chosen to measure these factors. Second, through the foundation of the appropriate econometric model and by using the SPSS econometric software, the relative and the principal component analysis of the factors and the basic public services are made. The main factor that affects the basic public services equalization is the per capita revenue, and the secondary one is the economy development level, financial self-sufficiency factor, and the financial expenditure structure.Partâ…¤:It represents the relative policy recommendation based on the analysis of the fourth part. First, improve the fiscal transfer payment and the basic public services provision level of the surrounding counties through the increase in income through special transfer payment, In addition, raise the ratio of general transfer payments and improve the public facilities and investment environment to advance the economy development status and raise the fiscal revenue in the surround counties in the long term. Second, make contribution to the urbanization; create a favorable policy environment for the counties; abolish the policy recommendations which are harmful to the basic public services equalization; upgrade the economy development status through the leading role of Changchun City to better Government's financial self-sufficiency capacity and promote the equalization of basic public services. Third, perfect the fiscal institution, emphasizing the match of the property rights and authority of the office, to earmark a fund for its specified purpose only. Meanwhile, optimize the fiscal structure, raise the proportion of finance expenditure on the basic public services, and remedy the weak points to promote the basic public services efficiency.