Dilemma And Outlet: Research On The Problem Of EU Youth Employment

Currently, employment and unemployment are one of the most prominent development problems of the world. It is in this context that the problems of youth unemployment and employment are particularly concerned. From the seventies of 20 century, EU had been facing serious problem of youth unemployment. After the nineties, the rate of EU youth unemployment constantly created new high and significantly higher than the U.S. and Japan. In the new century, EU still faces high rate of youth unemployment.Overall, EU's youth unemployment mainly shows the following four characteristics:Much higher than the overall unemployment rate, showing a clear non-balanced, serious in long-term unemployment, a large gap of youth unemployment rate between EU member states.From the "Treaty of the European Coal and Steel Community" which signed in April 1951 we can see that EU had already set up a special project to promote youth employment. In addition, the "Maastricht Treaty"," Treaty of Amsterdam ", "Employment Guidelines in 1998" adopted in Luxembourg and "the Lisbon strategy "all have specific provisions for youth employment. The basic idea of these provisions is strengthening youths education and vocational training to enhance their employability. To promote youth employment, some specific measures are taken by EU:create more jobs for young people, such as supporting the development of SMEs, encouraging companies to hire unemployed youths, etc; Emphasis on education and vocational training to provide young people with a lot of compulsory education and vocational education; Encourage young people to start their own businesses by the implementation of preferential policies; Improve the employment service system by establishing information network on youth employment by using modern means and even providing "personalized" and "one-stop" services for some young people; Improve the social security system, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of the unemployed youths while also reducing their dependence on social welfare.To further analyze the policies of EU's youth employment, this thesis particularly selects five typical EU Member States for representative, and analyses their policies and measures which are to promote youth employment for each. Including the traditional industrialized country-- Germany,highly developed in light industry and agriculture country--France, Located in northwest of Europe and isolated from the continent,the old capitalist country--UK, the typical Nordic welfare country-- Sweden and one of the eastern European countries--Hungary. When promoting youth employment, these countries highly integrate national conditions and highlight their characteristics, all advance the work of national youth employment in some extend.In structure, this thesis is divided into five parts:The first part is an introduction. It mainly accounts the background and significance of the study, definition, literature review, research ideas and methods.The second part mainly analyzes the problem of youth unemployment of EU. It contains the overall unemployment of EU, the EU's youth unemployment situation, the characteristics of the EU youth unemployment, the causes and influences of EU youth unemployment.The third part expounds the EU's policies and measures. First recall the EU policies evolution, and then analyze the specific measures of EU promoting youth employment.Part IV analyzes the policies and measures which are to promote youth employment of five typical EU member states, including Germany, France, UK, Sweden and HungryThe last part summarizes the thesis. Analyze the effectiveness and shortage of the policies and elicit the enlightenment to China.