Study On The Concept, Methods And Practice Of Ecotypic City's Sustainable Water Management

With the development of urbanization, the demand for industrial and residential water is growing increasingly. However, shortage of water resource is becoming increasingly an obstacle to the development of the urban economy, and serious pollution makes it more difficult to supply enough residential water for the increasing demand. The traditional urban water management can not resolve these problems, water crisis is the main restrictive factor affecting the development of ecotypic city. Based on the position, the paper studies on the development of urban water management and serious threat of water resource, so as to provide some help for city's sustainable development.The paper is based on the theory of sustainable development, urban ecosystem and water resource using sustainable. At the beginning, it analyzes the present situation of the usage of global water resource and the development of urban water- management both at home and abroad. Then the model of urban water sustainable management is established. Follow this model, water management is related to environment and the future; water resource and user will both be controlled; the bear capacity of water resource, the bear capacity of water environment should be increased by controlling pollution with technology; the utilization of water resource should be controlled in safe area; healthy water resource system is established for the human coexisting harmoniously with nature, economy, society and environment, the system includes water-safe item, water-environment item, water-management item, water-culture item and so on.For evaluating the actuality and history of water management in city, this paper establishes comprehensive evaluation indicator system by PSR model. Based on the analysis, taking into consideration of major aspects related to water resource, the complex system can be classified as three sub-systems: natural water resource and society and economy sub-system, water development and use and safe sub-system, water environment and water ecosystem sub-system. Then the evaluative function of "human-water coexist harmoniously" is established as the criterion for absolute value of all indictors, synthesis-index means is used for assessing method. Finally, the present sate of ecotypic city's water management should be classed five levels by harmonious value.On the basis of above, this paper evaluates the actuality and history of sustainable water management in Shanghai. The indicator system for Shanghai consisting of 18 indicators, which is selected based on the broad scientific investigations and local researches.The study shows that the harmonious values of available water usage per capita, water consumption per capita , water price, polluted riverway and fertilizer are under 0.5 through the ten years, so these indexes have far-reaching impact of water-management of Shanghai. At the same time, the harmonious values of COD per 10000Yuan GDP, green area per capita, sullage dealing ratio, industrial waste water excluding ratio etc. are increasing gradually with economic development, consciousness of protecting environment, which have well power to sustainable water-management. As a whole, the harmonious value increases waving later ten years.Although the development of economy and society can be as a cushion against bad influence of water-ecosystem, improving water-system's healthy and water resource usage ratio are the further aims to the sustainable water management.Finally, contraposing to the evaluation results and the problems while people utilizing water resource in Shanghai, some advices are drawn to ensure sustainable water management in Shanghai in view of technique means, law measure,management system,public consciouness and policy lead.